Question

Name four organelles of the cell and give their basic structure and function. give reference

Answer 1

1.Mitochondria

Structure:- it range in size from 0.2 to 7.0 m in diameter and in shape from sphere to rod or branching rod.Each moitochondrion is bound on its outside by a smooth unit of membrane.inner membrane is folded into several shelves called crustae.The ground matter is called matrix .

Functions:- Regarded as power house of cell.Its energy converter.They are the aerobic resoiratory centres of cell.Gives energy to whole cell.

Golgi body

Structure:- They appear as a network of threads in cytoplasm .Comoosed of thin membrane bound plate like sacs arranged in parallel.Major compoments of golgi are cisternae,vesicles,and vacoules.

Functions:- it is associated with the secretory activity of cell plays role in metabolism of fats it is also associated with cell plate formation in plants .

3 . Lysosomes

Structure:- They are small membrane bound vesicles .Its tiny spherical cytoplasmic particle .Each particle has an outer membrane and dense contents

Functions:- They contain digestive enzymes which when released bring breakdown of cytoplasmic structures.They play role in digestion of food particles ,in defense against bacteria and viruses,in destroying worn out organelles of cells .They are referred as suicidal bags of cell.

4. Endoplasmic Reticulum

Structure:- It represents highly convoluted infoldings of cell membrane This network is in continiation with nuclear membrane.

Functions.:- Provides large surface area for biochemical reactions to occur.Aid in transport of metabolites within and between cells.Provide mechanical suport to colloidal cytoplasm.