SYMBOLIC LOGIC QUESTION: Recall that a valid argument is one in which it is impossible for...

SYMBOLIC LOGIC QUESTION:

Recall that a valid argument is one in which it is impossible for the conclusion to be false, if the premises are true. Explain how, in this context, the Negation Introduction rule demonstrates the concept of validity.

Expert Solution

A valid argument is one where premises necessarily lead to the conclusion.

All elephant can fly, Dumbo is an elephant, therefore, Dumbo can fly. This is a valid argument.

The point is a valid argument doesn't actually mean the conclusion is true, just that it logically follows from the premises. If the premises are false ("All elephant can fly"), then you are left with a perfectly valid argument that is completely false.

The problem with many arguments is that they are apparently valid on their face and therefore people assume they are true. And sometimes it can be very difficult to figure out if the premises are actually true, or whether they are true in all possible cases.

All swans are white, Black swans are swans, Therefore, black swans are white.

Since everybody knew that all swans are white because of the only swans ever observed were white. But just because nobody had ever seen a black swan before didn't mean there weren't any.

If we had two argument P and Q, and R is the conclusion.

P	Q	R
T	T	T

Colby Messinger answered 2 years ago

Represent the following argument in the symbolic notation of Propositional Logic: If this argument is sound,...

Represent the following argument in the symbolic notation of Propositional Logic: If this argument is sound, it’s valid, but it’s not sound, so it’s invalid. (Remember how to use slashes in propositional logic)

Translate the following into standard form and symbolic form. Is it a valid or invalid argument?...

Translate the following into standard form and symbolic form. Is it a valid or invalid argument? Sound or unsound? Why? "Science and religion are basically the same. In religion, you believe something based purely upon faith. But in science, even if there is evidence, you have to have faith in your experiments and in the scientific method."" critical thinking a concise guide 4th edition, its not showing up on chegg study

Introduction to logic: Translate each argument using the letters provided and prove the argument valid using...

Introduction to logic: Translate each argument using the letters provided and prove the argument valid using all eight rules of implication. Sam will finish his taxes and Donna pay her property taxes or Sam will finish his taxes and Henry will go to the DMV. If Sam finishes his taxes, then his errands will be done and he will be stress-free for a time. Therefore, Sam will finish his taxes and he will be stress-free for a time. (S, D,...

Is the argument valid? Use rules of inference and laws of logic to prove or disprove...

Is the argument valid? Use rules of inference and laws of logic to prove or disprove (no Truth tables) 1. If John has talent and works very hard, then he will get a job. If he gets a job, then he’ll be happy. Hence if John is not happy, then he either not worked very hard or does not have talent. 2.For spring break Marie will travel to Cancun or Miami. If she goes to Cancun, she will not visit...

Suppose the economy is in a recession. Which of the following is a valid argument for...

Suppose the economy is in a recession. Which of the following is a valid argument for using expansionary fiscal policy, instead of monetary policy? Select one: a. Fiscal policy is more effective than monetary policy in a deep recession b. Fiscal policy is slower than monetary policy c. Fiscal policymakers are subject to more political influence, so some of their spending tends to be wasteful. d. Government spending could lead to lower growth through the crowding-out effect

what is the argument in dugger theorem: the free market is impossible?

Explain the difference between a valid argument and a sound argument, and give an example of...

Explain the difference between a valid argument and a sound argument, and give an example of each.

4. Translate each of the following statements into a symbolic logic and tell if each of...

4. Translate each of the following statements into a symbolic logic and tell if each of the following is true or false, with a full justification (you do not have to justify your answer to (ii), which was done before) : (i) Every integer has an additive inverse. (ii) If a and b are any integers such that b > 0, then there exist integers q and r such that a = bq + r, where 0 ≤ r <...

a) Translate the following sentence into a symbolic logic form. If John will work only if...

a) Translate the following sentence into a symbolic logic form. If John will work only if he gets a raise, then we should get him a raise if we want the job done. Use the following notations in your translation. W: John works. R: John does get a raise. S: We should get John a raise. D: We want the job done. b) Give the contraposition of your answer in (a) . Try to simplify the logical form as much...

(C++)Write a small program that implements the "fan tester" logic To recall: Logic in electronic devices....

(C++)Write a small program that implements the "fan tester" logic To recall: Logic in electronic devices. Most of the devices and appliances used in everyday life are controlled by electronic circuitry that works according to the laws of logic. A designer of an electronically-controlled device must first express the desired behavior in logic, and then test that the device behaves as desired under every set of circumstances. An electronic fan automatically turns on and off depending on the humidity in...

Question