Question

The most common processes used in the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater are carbon removal, nitrification, denitrification and methanogenesis processes.
1- Describe in detail how wastewater is treated in these processes. Classify the microorganisms involved in these processes by metabolic groups, carbon source, energy source, electron donor source and electron acceptors.
2- Provide information on the characteristics of the wastewater originating from these industries by giving at least three examples to the industrial wastewater sources where each process is used.

Answer 1

Domestic and industrial waste water , both are having different organic pollution. organic substances contains carbon such as fiber,starch,sugar etc. and fats and waste from animal,urea fatty acid,hydrocarbons. carbon is energy source of micro-organism. in other terms, organic matter is available food for micro-organism. micro-organisms in water, metabolize the organic pollutants in presence of oxygen or in absence of it.if micro-orgnism use oxygen presence in water called as aerobic micro-organism else called  anaerobic microoranism.this process is going in all treatment process.Aerobic process has

1. carbon removal/ carbonaceous stage :-

it is called first stage of metabolism process of organic matter.

2. Ntrification is the process by which ammonia ( NH4) converted to nitrite (NO2 -) and than nitrate(NO3-2

).

Nitrification processes are slower thn carboneous process which result greater biomass concentration in both attached and suspeended growth systems.

The process should be so controlled that the net rate of accumulation of biomass, and hence, the net rate of withdrawal of biomass from the system, is less than the growth rate of the nitrifying bacteria (Barnes and Bliss, 1983)
Denitrification is the biological process by which nitrate is converted to nitrogen and other gaseous end products.

in the nitrification process energy sources is nitrogen and electron donor source ammonia and electron accepters are nitrate.

3. methaneogenous process:-

in this process organic matter converted into methane and other product.energy soruces are carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. due to micro organism they are changed into less complex organic mather or gases.

ans 2.

characteristics of industrial waste:-

a. physical charactrerstics

b. chemical characterstics

c. biological characterstics

A. physical c

chemical oxygen demand (COD)

the oxygen equivalent of organic matter that can be oxidisied is measured by using strong chemical oxidised agent.like glucose, sugar etc.