Question

As a result of mitosis cell (during cell division) of the Cell cycle, the number of chromosomes in the 2 new cells is a) used to eliminate mutations t, b) increased to 3 times the normal or diploid number, c) is reduced to 1/2 half of the diploid (normal) number representing one full set of chromosomes, d) is reduced to 1/2 the diploid number producing a random set of chromosomes, e) kept constant.

The evolution of the three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) in the evolution of complex, multicellular animals is associated with the annelids and the vertebrates, which are examples of: a) Protostomes and Deuterostomes. b) Just the Protostomes. c) Only the Deuterostomes, d) Cnideria, e) Porifera.

In the course of evolution, the development of organs in the mesodermal space between the digestive endoderm and the ectoderm as the basis for homeostasis is associated with: a) Protostomes and Deuterostomes, b) Just the Protostomes such as the earthworm, c) Only the chordates like humans, d) Only the Deuterostomes such as the Vertebrates. e) The Porifera

The ability to maintain internal conditions of an organism within a certain (defined) boundary range is possible because as organs form the mesoderm cells specialize to form a) the brain, b) mitochondria, c) muscles, d) capillaries near the new specialized cells, e) good luck.

The secretory cells of the Thyroid gland (an example of a eukaryotic cells) produces a molecule termed Thyroxin, a hormone released into the circulation. You would expect that such cell products are secreted from the cell during which of the following stages of the Cell Cycle: a) Meiosis, b) Gap (G1) , c) Synthesis (S), d) Gap 2 (G2), e) mitosis.

In the evolution of the vertebrates, the myocytes provide the stem cells for: a) smooth muscles that surround some of the capillaries to form arteries and veins ,b) specialized cells to produce the enzymes produced by the digestive system, c) Beta cells for the release of Insulin by the pancreas, d) the development of brain and spinal cord, e) All of these are true.

Answer 1

1. As a result of mitosis cell (during cell division) of the Cell cycle, the number of chromosomes in the 2 new cells is a) used to eliminate mutations t, b) increased to 3 times the normal or diploid number, c) is reduced to 1/2 half of the diploid (normal) number representing one full set of chromosomes, d) is reduced to 1/2 the diploid number producing a random set of chromosomes, e) kept constant.

Sol- e) it is kept constant.

After mitosis, the sister chromatids divide and segregate in each new daughter cell. After cell division, the chromosome number remains the same but the content of the chromosome becomes half.

2. The evolution of the three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) in the evolution of complex, multicellular animals is associated with the annelids and the vertebrates, which are examples of: a) Protostomes and Deuterostomes. b) Just the Protostomes. c) Only the Deuterostomes, d) Cnidaria, e) Porifera.

Sol- a) Annelida- protostome and vertebrates- Deuterostomes. In the former, the mouth develops first while in latter mouth develops later.

3. In the course of evolution, the development of organs in the mesodermal space between the digestive endoderm and the ectoderm as the basis for homeostasis is associated with: a) Protostomes and Deuterostomes, b) Just the Protostomes such as the earthworm, c) Only the chordates like humans, d) Only the Deuterostomes such as the Vertebrates. e) The Porifera

Sol- a) Protostomes and Deuterostomes, both have the three germ layers as all of them are triploblastic animals.

4. The ability to maintain internal conditions of an organism within a certain (defined) boundary range is possible because as organs form the mesoderm cells specialize to form a) the brain, b) mitochondria, c) muscles, d) capillaries near the new specialized cells, e) good luck.

Sol- d) capillaries near the new specialized cells are important for exchange of gases, nutrients and metabolites and thus, played an important role in this aspect.

5. The secretory cells of the Thyroid gland (an example of a eukaryotic cells) produces a molecule termed Thyroxin, a hormone released into the circulation. You would expect that such cell products are secreted from the cell during which of the following stages of the Cell Cycle: a) Meiosis, b) Gap (G1), c) Synthesis (S), d) Gap 2 (G2), e) mitosis.

Sol- d) G2 phase, it the phase of protein synthesis which implies the hormones too will be synthesised in this phase.

6. In the evolution of the vertebrates, the myocytes provide the stem cells for: a) smooth muscles that surround some of the capillaries to form arteries and veins,b) specialized cells to produce the enzymes produced by the digestive system, c) Beta cells for the release of Insulin by the pancreas, d) the development of brain and spinal cord, e) All of these are true.

Sol- e) Myocytes recently have been found to have potential to be able to differentiate in all the cell types.