Understanding the biochemical pathways is very important in the drug industry. For example, think of the...

Understanding the biochemical pathways is very important in the drug industry. For example, think of the herbicides you spray in your backyard to kill weeds. Each herbicide is designed to kill by inhibiting the function of a specific protein. Assume you have been tasked to identify a drug to inhibit aerobic respiration via the Electron Transport Chain. With your knowledge of the Complexes in the Electron Transport Chain, what Complex would you target to inhibit ? and what would be the effect ?

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Answer-

According to the given question-

Aerobic respiration- it is a type of cellular respiration which occur in the presence of oxygen to get the energy from biomolecules such as carbohydrate. it is the most common type of respiration that occurs in animals, plants as well as birds, and other mammals. In this process, water and carbon dioxide are produced as end products.
This occurs in Several sequential phases, starts from Glycolysis (Occurs in Cytoplasm)---> Krebs cycle (Mitochondrial matrix) ----> Oxidative phosphorylation or Electron transport chain ( inner mitochondrial membrane ).
During aerobic respiration, the NADH and FADH2 Formed in Glycolysis, Krebs cycle are used for the reduction of molecular oxygen into the water. molecular oxygen work as terminal electron acceptor in aerobic respiration.
Here a condition is given where we have to design a herbicide that inhibits aerobic respiration at the Electron Transport Chain. We know that the Electron Transport Chain consists of four complexes that are responsible for specific reactions.
To inhibit the aerobic respiration we have to target the complex IV which is made up of cytochrome proteins c, a, as well as a3. These cytochromes were responsible for holding the oxygen molecule between their iron and copper ions. Later when oxygen was reduced and takes two hydrogen ions and from water.
So to inhibit the aerobic respiration we have to target Complex IV and due to which oxygen will not be reduced into the water and the aerobic respiration will not occur.

gladiator answered 2 years ago

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