In a simple synapse, neurotransmitter chemicals are released by Calcium induced exocytosis Ligand gated channels Graded...

In a simple synapse, neurotransmitter chemicals are released by

		Calcium induced exocytosis
		Ligand gated channels
		Graded potentials
		Saltatory conduction

Expert Solution

(a) Calcium induced exocytosis

A synapse is a gap between Exxon terminal of first neuron (presynaptic neuron) and dendrites of second neuron(postsynaptic neuron).

Transmission at synapse occurs by following steps:

Action potentials arrive to the Exxon terminal of presynaptic neuron which result in opening of voltage gated calcium Ion channels on the membrane of presynaptic neuron.
Opening of calcium Ion channels result in influx of calcium ions which leads to calcium and dependent fusion of (neurotransmitter containing vesicles) synaptic vesicles with the membrane of presynaptic neuron.
Synaptic vesicles releases neurotransmitter by exocytosis.
Neurotransmitter diffusion occurs across the synaptic cleft and neurotransmitter to the remolecules binds to receptors which are present at postsynaptic neurons.
Binding of neurotransmitter to the receptors result in generation of postsynaptic potential.

Ligand gated Ion channels are opened when neurotransmitter binds to its receptors for the generation of postsynaptic potential and not for the release of neurotransmitter.

Graded potential are the alteration in membrane potential which are confined to a very small region of plasma membrane I.e. about 1-2 mm from their site of origin and do not play any role in neurotransmitter secretion.

Saltatory conduction is the mechanism of nerve impulse propagation in myelinated neurons. Due to uneven distribution of voltage gated Ion channels, as more number of voltage gated channels are present at nodes of ranvier as compared to the myelin sheath where they are almost absent.

gladiator answered 2 years ago

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