Question

In glycolysis, the physical splitting of the energy-rich molecule occurs in what step, also what are the net products of glycolysis for one molecule of glucose?

What happens during the Intermediate Step of cellular respiration?

Answer 1

1. In glycolysis,where the fourth step where Fructose 1-6 bisphosphate which is a hexose converted into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. Newly added high-energy phosphates further destabilize fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. The fourth step in glycolysis is using an enzyme called aldolase, which cleaves fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into two three-carbon isomers: dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.

2. The breakdown of sugar (usually glucose, but fructose and other sugars can be used) are the most manageable compounds to produce energy in glycolysis. The net end products of glycolysis are two pyruvates, two NADH and two ATP.(Gross ATP production is 4 but 2ATP is consumed activation step)

3.

The second stage of cellular respiration receives less attention than the rest stages of the cellular respiration. As the name implies, however, there would be no way to overcome aerobic reactions from glycolysis without it.

In this reaction, which occurs in the mitochondria, glycolysis causes the conversion of two pyruvate molecules into two molecules of acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA), producing two molecules of CO2 as metabolic waste. No ATP is generated.

Pyruvate oxidation
If oxygen is available, aerobic respiration will continue. In eukaryotic cells, pyruvate molecules produced at the end of glycolysis are transported to the mitochondria, which are sites of cellular respiration. There, pyruvate is transformed into acetyl group, which is taken up and activated by a carrier compound called coenzyme A (COA). The resulting compound is called acetyl COA. COA is made of vitamin B5, pantothenic acid. Acetyl CoA can be used by the cell in many ways, but its main task is to transport the acetyl group obtained from pyruvate to the next stage of the pathway for glucose catabolism.

Disintegration of pyruvate
For pyruvate (which is the product of glycolysis) to enter the citric acid cycle (the next pathway in cellular respiration), it undergoes many changes. The conversion is a three-step process

Step 1. The carboxyl group is removed from the pyruvate, releasing a molecule of carbon dioxide into the surrounding medium. The result of this step is a two-carbon hydroxyethyl group bound to the enzyme (pyruvate dehydrogenase). It was the first of six carbons that removed the original glucose molecule. This step progresses twice for each molecule of glucose metabolism (remember: two pyruvate molecules are produced at the end of glucose); Thus, two of the six carbons are eliminated at the end of the two-step process.

Step 2. NAD + is reduced for NADH. The hydroxyethyl group is oxidized to the acetyl group, and the electrons are taken up by NADH + to form MADH. High energy electrons from NADH are then used to generate ATP.

Step 3. Acetyl group A is transferred to enzyme A, resulting in acetyl COA. The enzyme-bound acetyl group is transferred to CoA, which produces a molecule of acetyl CoA.

In the second stage of glucose metabolism, whenever a carbon molecule is removed, it binds to two oxygen atoms, producing carbon dioxide, one of the main products of cellular respiration.