Question

In: Biology

ALL ARE MULTIPLE CHOICE In his breeding experiments, Mendel first crossed true-breeding _____ generation plants to...

ALL ARE MULTIPLE CHOICE

In his breeding experiments, Mendel first crossed true-breeding _____ generation plants to produce the _____ generation, which were then allowed to self-pollinate to generate the _____ offspring.

F ... P1 ... P2

P1 ... P2 ... P3

P ... F1 ... F2
P1 ... P2 ... F
F1 ... F2 ... F3

Two organisms with genotype AaBbCcDdEE mate. These loci are all independent. What fraction of the offspring will have the same genotype as the parents?

		1/4
		3/4
		1/16
		9/64
		4/3

Various procedures can be used to detect genetic disorders before birth. Among the tests discussed in this chapter, _____ is the least invasive, while _____ and _____ allow the chromosomes of the fetus to be examined.

		amniocentesis ... fetoscopy ... chorionic villus sampling
		ultrasound imaging ... chorionic villus sampling ... amniocentesis
		amniocentesis ... ultrasound imaging ... chorionic villus sampling
		ultrasound imaging ... fetoscopy... amniocentesis
		chorionic villus sampling ... fetoscopy ... amniocentesis

Expert Solution

Ans:

1. Mendel in his breeding experiment first crossed two breeding plants to produce a second generation which were then allowed to self-pollinate to generate the offspring. Mendel started his experiment with two parental generation plants or P generation plants and this cross produce the first filial generation or F1 generation. Plants obtained in F1 generation were allowed to self-pollinate to generate the second filial generation or F2 generation. So, filling in the blanks we get-

In his breeding experiments, Mendel first crossed true-breeding P generation plants to produce the F1 generation, which were then allowed to self-pollinate to generate the F2 offspring.

So, the correct option is option-3 "P ... F1 ... F2".

2. Parental genotype: AaBbCcDdEE and all the loci are independent of each other.

Now crossing,

AaBbCcDdEE X AaBbCcDdEE

Now for A gene, a cross between Aa X Aa results in-

Gametes	A	a
A	AA	Aa
a	Aa	aa

So, the probability getting the parental genotype i.e. Aa is 2/4= 1/2.

Similarly, for B gene, a cross between Bb X Bb results in-

Gametes	B	b
B	BB	Bb
b	Bb	bb

So, the probability getting the parental genotype i.e. Bb is 2/4= 1/2.

Similarly, for C gene, a cross between Cc X Cc results in-

Gametes	C	c
C	CC	Cc
c	Cc	cc

So, the probability getting the parental genotype i.e. Cc is 2/4= 1/2.

Similarly, for D gene, a cross between Dd X Dd results in-

Gametes	D	d
D	DD	Dd
d	Dd	dd

So, the probability getting the parental genotype i.e. Dd is 2/4= 1/2.

Similarly, for E gene, a cross between EE X EE results in-

Gametes	E	E
E	EE	EE
E	EE	EE

So, the probability getting the parental genotype i.e. EE is 4/4= 1.

So, the fraction of the offspring that will have the same genotype as the parents= 1/2*1/2*1/2*1/2*1= 1/16.

So, the correct option is option-3 "1/16".

3. Various procedures can be used to detect genetic disorders before birth. Ultrasound imaging is the least invasive process which helps to examine a fetus in a pregnant woman and helps to find if there is any phenotypical expression of a genetic disorder. It is generally non-invasive.

Amniocentesis is the process where amniotic fluid is removed from mother's uterus (via syringe) to determine if any chromosomal aberrations are present in the developing fetus.

Chorionic villus sampling is a prenatal test that is used to detect birth defects, genetic diseases, and other problems during pregnancy. During the test, a small sample of cells (called chorionic villi) is taken from the placenta where it attaches to the wall of the uterus.

Fetoscopy is a a type of endoscopy to visualize the developing fetus in womb. It is not associated with detection of the chromosomal aberrations rather it helps to diagnose other problems such as spina bifida, craniorachischisis etc.

So, filling in the blanks we get-

Various procedures can be used to detect genetic disorders before birth. Among the tests discussed in this chapter, ultrasound imaging is the least invasive, while chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis allow the chromosomes of the fetus to be examined.

So, the correct option is option-2 "ultrasound imaging ... chorionic villus sampling ... amniocentesis".

gladiator answered 2 years ago

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