Question

31) Adaptation is different from the term acclimatization. Which of the statements below best describes what acclimatization means? A) Adjustments made by the Laura, the mountain climber (whose ancestors did not evolve in high altitudes) can be passed on to her children. B) Laura, the Mountain climber (whose ancestors did not evolve in high altitudes) can adjust to the low oxygen pressure by producing a different hemoglobin which has a higher affinity to oxygen. C) Laura, the Mountain climber (whose ancestors did not evolve in high altitudes) can adjust to the low oxygen pressure by upregulating expression of the hemoglobin gene (making more hemoglobin). D) Acclimatization describes how Tibetan Sherpas are better able to handle the low oxygen pressures because they produce a hemoglobin with higher oxygen affinity and they pass this gene to offspring.

32) Bats and birds both have wings, but they are not a result of common ancestry. This is called A. divergent evolution B. convergent evolution C. fitness tradeoff D. gene correlation

33) Skin color is a biological adaptation based on A. Protecting against cancer. B. One's ability to dissipate heat. C. Resistance to malaria. D. Protecting Vits B and D for reproductive purposes.

34) Spark Therapeutics is a company in Philadelphia which has developed a cure for blindness. They have achieved this by giving the patients (with the mutated gene) a good allele of the gene. This is called A. CRISPR B. stem cell therapy C. gene therapy D. CAR-T

35) A novel approach to treating cancer is to use genetically engineered immune cells which can recognize and kill cancer cells. This therapy is called _____. A. CAR-T B. magic bullet C. antisense technology D. Opdivo

Answer 1

31, opt-c- Laura, the mountain climber ( whose ancestor did not evolve in high altitudes) can adjust to the low oxygen pressure by upregulating expression of hemoglobin gene i.e., more hemoglobin is an example of acclimatization.

Acclimatization is the term used to describe a process to which an individual adjusts to changes in an environment which may be altitude, temperature, pH ,etc. Acclimitization develops when an organism is exposed to a new environment other than its native. The changes in the body are mostly short lived and reversible, but sometimes it may be irreversible. Mountain climbers are best examples for acclimatization.

It is not generally passed to next generations, so option-a is incorrect

Affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen is decreased when we are subjected to high altitudes

Tibetan Sherpas are adapted to the high altitude conditions by generations.

32, convergent evolution

It is the evolution of same traits in different organims which are not evolutionarily related or have a common ancestor.

33, protecting against cancers

Skin has a pigment called melanin which is a biological shield that protects our body from UV radiation. The difference in skin colour occurs in people living in environment with different temperature. The melabocytes protects us from skin cancer.

34, gene theraphy

When the gene itself is given as a therapeutic measure, tgen the theraphy is named as gene theraphy. This measure works by providing the patient with a functional gene through injection which is eithee missing or mutated in the person.

35 CAR T cells

Chimeric antigen receptor T cells

It is an immunotheraphy where these T cells are engineered to target the cancer cells and kill them.

Magic bullet theraphy is the use of radionuclide guns to kill the cancer cells.

Opdivo is a medication used to treat cancer cells

Antisense technology is the method used to halt a gene expression which causes genetic disorders.