Question

8.What is the inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney due to infection?

50. What is Renal cell carcinoma?

51. What is a malignant tumor of the kidneys (occuring in children)?

52. What is diabetes mellitus (DM)?

53. A term that means frequent (voluntary) urination at night is called.

54. What does BUN test (blood urea nitrogen) tell you?

55. What does creatine clearance test tell you?

56. What is a ultrasonography?

57. What is a image of kidney after injecting a radioisotope into the bloodstream.

58. What is Lithotripsy for? S

59. What is the difference between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis?

60. What is a renal biopsy?

61. What is cystoscopy?

62. What is interstitial cystitis?

63. What is lithotomy?

64. What are the three functions of the lymphatic system?

65. Where are lymph nodes located in the body?

66. What attack bacteria and foreign cells; originate in the thymus gland?

67. What destroys foreign substances in the body?

68. What type of lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow?

69. What organ destroys old red blood cells?

70. What organ filters microorganisms and other foreign material out of the blood?

71. What organ is in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen?

72. What gland provides immunity in fetal life and in early years of growth?

73. Name the body’s ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organs.

74. What type of immunity is resistance present at birth; not dependent on prior exposure to an antigen?

75. What type of cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens?

76. What inhibit B and T cells and prevent them from attacking the body’s own good cells?

77. What type of cells recognize and digest foreign antigens?

78. What stimulate the patient’s own T cells to recognize and kill the cancerous cells?

79. Name the type of immunity with the ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them?

80. Name the mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx.

81. What is the protein produced by B cells to destroy antigens?

82. What the location of Lymph nodes in the armpit?

83. What the location of Lymph nodes in the neck?

85. What are the proteins in the blood that help antibodies and kill their target?

86. What are antibodies secreted by plasma cells in response to the presence of an antigen?

87. What is the fluid in the spaces between cells?

88. What is a large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body?

89. Name an antibody produced in a laboratory to attack antigens and to destroy cells.

90. What is type of immunity that an individual is born with to fight infection?

91. Name the duct that drains lymph from the upper right part of body.

92. Name the duct that drains lymph from the lower and left side of body.

93. When the body recognizes and accepts the body’s own antigens as “self” or friendly?

94. What disorder destroys T cells and creates opportunistic infections?

95. What disorder produces blisters on skin of lips, nose, or genitals?

96. What disorder asssociated with AIDS that may cause pneumonitis, hepatitis, and encephalitis?

97. What drug inhibits viral enzyme called reverse transcriptase.

98. Name the disorder abnormal sensitivity acquired by exposure to antigen.

99. Name the cancer that is a malignant tumor of the thymus.

100. What is a malignant condition associated with AIDS?

101. This test detects anti-HIV antibodies; Western blot given as follow-up.

102. This test measures the amount of AIDS virus (HIV) in the bloodstream.

103. These x-ray views show abnormalities of lymphoid organs.

104. Name the malignant tumor of the lymph nodes and spleen marked by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells in lymph nodes.

105. What disorder is typically associated with heightened immune responses to common allergens?

Answer 1

Answers:-

8. Acute aur chronic Glomerulonephritis, happens when the internal kidney structure(glomeruli) became inflamed due to the β- Hemolytics streptococcal infection and causes loss of protein out of the, as well as white and red blood cell to leak from the blood into the urine

50. Renal cell carcinoma is a Kidney cancer that originates in the lining of proximal convoluted tubule, a part of the very small tubes in the Kidney that transport primary urine. It is the most common type of Kidney cancer in adults approximately 90 to 95 %of cases, usually between ages 50 and 70

51. It is the disease in which the kidney cells become malignant(cancerous) , and grow out of control, forming a tumor,A tumors arises from cortex or pelvis and calyces .Almost all Kidney cancer is first appear in the lining of the inner tubes(tubules) in the Kidney

52. Diabetic mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder of impaired carbohydrate, protein and lipids metabolism. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorder in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the body does not produce enough insulin, aur because cells do not response to the insulin that is produced. It is characterized by classical symptoms of polyuria( frequent urination), polydipsia(increased thirst) and Polyphagia(increased hunger).

53.A frequent need to urinate during night known as NOCTURIA. And it often cited as a cause of sleep destruction.

54. Ab blood urea nitrogen(BUN) test measures the amount of Nitrogen in our blood that comes from the waste product urea. Urea is made when protein is broken down in our body. Urea is made in the liver and passed out through body in the urine.A BUN test is done to see how well Kidneys are working.So, normal blood contains 7-20mg/dl of urea. If BUN is more than 20mg/dl, kidney may be not working at full strength

55.The creatinine clearance test helps provide information about how well the Kedney working. The test compares the creatinine level in the urine with the creatinine level in the blood. Testing procedure, The normal range of CRCL is110-150mL/min in males and 100 to 130mL/min in female

56. An ultrasonography is a procedure that uses high-energy sound waves to look at tissue and organs inside the body. The sound waves make echoes that from pictures of the tissue and organs on the computer screen. The images can provide valuable information for diagnosing and treating a variety of diseases and conditions Ultrasonography may be used to help diagnose disease, such as cancer.

60. Renal biopsy is a procedure used to extract kidney tissue for laboratory analysis. The kidney tissue samples can you show inflammation,scarring, infection or unusual deposits of the protein called immunoglobulin. The biopsy measure how quickly the disease is advancing and the test helps doctors to identify the type of Kidney Disease have, how severe it is, and the best treatment for it

61.A cystoscopy can be used to look for and treat  problems in the bladder or urethra. For example, it can be used to: check for the cause of problems such as blood in pee, frequent urinary tract infection(UTIs), problems peeing, and long lasting pelvis pain.

63.Lithotomy from Greek for"lithos"(stone) and "tomos"(cut), is a surgical method for removal of Calculi, stones from inside certain organs, such as urinary tract( kidney stones), bladder (bladder stones), and gallbladder( gallstones), that cannot exit naturally through the urinary system or biliary tracks

65. Lymphatic system is a network of organs, vessels and lymph nodes situated throughout our body. Many lymph nodes are located in our Body and Neck region. Lymph nodes that frequently swell are in this area as well in our armpits and groin areas

80. The adenoids are lymphatic tissue that are located in the upper posterior aspect of the nasopharynx. The adenoid can fill the entire nasopharynx and extend posteriorly into the posterior choanae. Nasopharynx- associated lymphoid tissue(NALT) represent immune system of nasal mucosa and is a part of mucosa- associated lymphoid tissue(MALT) in mammals. It protects body from airborne viruses and other infection agents

82. The lymph nodes in the armpits or the axillary lymph nodes are located within the axillary region of the upper Limbs. They are approximately 20 to 30 or up to 40 has noted, separate nodes which function to drain The: vessel of the upper Limb, chest walls.

83. Back of the neck located in the sides of cervical lymph nodes. These glands are usually very small. However, when a lymph node is greater than 1 cm in diameter, it is enlarged. The cervical lymph nodes sit deep inside the neck

87. Interstitial fluid. Fluid found in the spaces around cells. The cytosol or intracellular fluid consists mostly of water, dissolved ions, small molecules, and large, water soluble molecules such as protein. This mixture of a small molecules is extraordinarily complexes, as the variety of enzymes that are involved in cell metabolism is immense

99. Thymoma and thymic carcinomas are the type of cancers that affect the thymus, an organ located in between the lungs and is a part of lymphatic and immune system