Question

NR226 Week #5 IV Fluids & Electrolyte Imbalances Activity Name: _______________________________________ D#: ____________________________ Directions: Answer the following questions and submit to Week #5 “IV Fluids Activity” 1 1.Explain what Isotonic, Hypotonic and Hypertonic IV solutions do within the body (what influence do they exert with relation to fluid shifting in/out of cells, etc.) 2.) Give an example of an Isotonic IV solution, a type of patient this solution would be appropriate for, and any contraindications to infusing this type of solution 3.) Explain the differences between Active Transport, Diffusion, Osmosis and Filtration 4.) Explain the difference between Hyper and Hypo-natremia, and describe symptoms of both conditions. Are these conditions considered “osmolality or electrolyte” imbalances? 5.) Explain the difference between Hyper and Hypo-calcemia, and describe symptoms of both conditions. Give an example of why each condition might occur (i.e. disease or diet issue, etc.).

NR226 Week #5 ABG Interpretation Practice Problems Name: ___________________________________ D#: ____________________________ Directions: Answer and Interpret the following ABG problems and questions, and submit completed activity to Week #5 dropbox in Canvas by Sun 6/7/20 11:59 pm. What are the 3 processes involved in Acid/Base balance within the body? Please briefly explain what occurs with each process. Explain the difference between Compensation and Correction of acid/base imbalances. If it is a Respiratory issue which system compensates? Corrects? If it is a Metabolic issue which system compensates? Corrects? In Respiratory Acidosis what kind of symptoms are occurring with the patient? Which system will start compensating? Give an example of a condition that could cause Respiratory Acidosis. In Metabolic Alkalosis what kind of symptoms are occurring with the patient? Which system will start compensating? Give an example of a condition that could cause Metabolic Alkalosis. pH 7.56, PaCO2 20, HCO3 20 Metabolic Acidosis, Uncompensated Respiratory Acidosis, Uncompensated Respiratory Alkalosis, Partially Compensated Metabolic Alkalosis, Partially Compensated pH 7.23, PaCO2 37, HCO3 18 Respiratory Alkalosis, Partially Compensated Metabolic Alkalosis, Partially Compensated Respiratory Acidosis, Uncompensated Metabolic Acidosis, Uncompensated pH 7.55, PaCO2 47, HCO3 30 Respiratory Acidosis, Partially Compensated Respiratory Alkalosis, Uncompensated Metabolic Acidosis, Partially compensated Metabolic Alkalosis, Partially Compensated pH 7.39, PaCO2 48, HCO3 28 Metabolic Alkalosis, Fully Compensated Metabolic Alkalosis, Partially Compensated Respiratory Acidosis, Fully Compensated Respiratory Alkalosis, Fully Compensated pH 7.42, PaCO2 32, HCO3 18 Metabolic Acidosis, Partially Compensated Metabolic Alkalosis, Partially Compensated Respiratory Acidosis, Fully Compensated Respiratory Alkalosis, Fully Compensated

Answer 1

Isotonic

Iso: same/equal

Tonic: concentration of a solution

The cell has the same concentration on the inside and outside which in normal conditions the cell’s intracellular and extracellular are both isotonic.

Hypotonic

Hypo: ”under/beneath”

Tonic: concentration of a solution

The cell has a low amount of solute extracellularly and it wants to shift inside the cell to get everything back to normal via osmosis. This will cause CELL SWELLING which can cause the cell to burst or lyses.

Hypertonic

Hyper: excessive

Tonic: concentration of a solution

The cell has an excessive amount of solute extracellularly and osmosis is causing water to rush out of the cell intracellularly to the extracellular area which will cause the CELL TO SHRINK.

2)

Isotonic fluids

• 0.9% Saline
• 5% dextrose in water (D5W)**also used as a hypotonic solution after it is administered because the body absorbs the dextrose BUT it is considered isotonic)
• 5% Dextrose in 0.225% saline (D5W1/4NS)
• Lactated Ringer’s

Isotonic solutions are used: to increase the EXTRACELLULAR fluid volume due to blood loss, surgery, dehydration, fluid loss that has been loss extracellularly.

Contraindication for isotonic solution:

Sodium Chloride 0.9% iscontraindicated in patients with congestive heart failure, severe renal impairment, conditions of sodium retention, oedema, liver cirrhosis and irrigation during electrosurgical procedures. Do not use unless thesolution is clear

3) active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration—against the concentration gradient. Active transport requires cellular energy to achieve this movement

Diffusion is the net movement of anything from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

Osmosis  is the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a selectively permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration, in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides.

Filtration, the process in which solid particles in a liquid or gaseous fluid are removed by the use of a filter medium that permits the fluid to pass through but retains the solid particles. Either the clarified fluid or the solid particles removed from the fluid may be the desired product.