Question

Description

The purpose of this assignment is to demonstrate understanding of basic alterations in vision and hearing.

Compose a short (1.5 – 2.5 page) essay explaining one common alteration in vision and one common alteration in hearing. You should briefly describe the pathophysiologic changes, prevalence, manifestations, and treatment for each. You should also explain the mechanism that the specific treatment uses to return a normal functioning state. You may select a disease process from the book, but will need to use additional resources to provide all the information required for the essay. The essay should be structured, and follow a logical format. Remember to cite your sources, consistent with the academic integrity policy of Doane. APA format is required.

Answer 1

1.ALTERATION IN VISION : MYOPIA ( short sightedness)

it is a condition where light rays from the infinity comes and falls infront of the retina with accomodation being at the rest .

PREVALENCE - mostly equal prevalence in sex in age groups of 8-20 years.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES - changes in fundus of the retina are

• Optic disc - myopic Cresent , peripappilary Cresent present .
• Retina - degenerative changes occurs in retina namely chorioretinal atrophic patches, foster fuch spots , cystoid and lattice degeneration.

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS : SYMPTOMS - defective vision for long site vision , night blindness , black floaters in front of eye .

SIGNS- prominent eyeballs , large cornea , anterior chamber deep, large pupils and sluggisly reacting to light , and optic disc changes .

TREATMENT ;

MEDICAL - use appropriate concave lenses to make light rays fall on retina .

Avoid myopia undercorrection .

Balanced diet , visual hygiene , early management of DISEASES.

SURGICAL - radial keratotomy and photorefractive keratotomy - cornea based procedures .

LASIK, intercorneal ring implantation

Lens based procedures - refractive lens exchange .

Phakic refractive lens .

courtesy - medical opthalmology

2.ALTERATION IN HEARING - conductive deafness

It is condition where sound conduting apparatus of ear is damages so sound is not perceived to middle ear and there is a deficient hearing .

Prevalence - this can cause deafness in any age groups .

PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL changes - fluid in middle ear

Foreign body in the ear , poor eustachian tube function , benign tumour of ear , cerumen in ear,

These causes prevent sound rays in the air to strike tympanic membrane and conduction to ossicular chain is prevented and hearing is impaired

CLINICAL Manifestations- decresed hearing

Tinnitus , ear pain , vertigo , headche , diplacusis , autophony.

TREATMENT - removal of ear wax .

Removal of foreign body by syringing - using normal saline is pushed through the posterior aspect of external auditory canal and foreign body is pushed out .

Repair of tympanic membrane perforation

Ear conduction aids - these devices convert sound energy in vibration and cause sound waves to be conducted via the bone and hearing is corrected