Question

4. Examine Table 1 below. Fill-in the normal range of values for each of the variables in the last (blank) row.

Table 1. Lab values for Joyce Snyder. (Serum)

Time Point

BP

Temp.

(°F)

Hemat.

(%)

Glucose

(mg/dL)

Na+

(mEq/L)

K+

(mEq/L)

AChE

Activity

(% of normal)

Thyroxine

(pmol/L)

Serum

Triiodothyronine (FT3)

(pg/dL)

Antibodies for Ach Receptors

1

105/65

99.4 °F

37.5%

88 mg/dL

139 mEq/L

3.8 mEq/L

44%

9.1 pmol/L

112 pg/dL

none

2

108/70

100.1 °F

38.0%

100 mg/dL

135 mEq/L

5.0 mEq/L

42%

8.5 pmol/L

100 pg/dL

none

3

130/92

98.0 °F

36.2%

95 mg/dL

132 mEq/L

5.2 mEq/L

50%

10.0 pmol/L

150 pg/dL

none

4

115/85

99.2 °F

36.9%

80 mg/dL

144 mEq/L

3.5 mEq/L

88%

12.0 pmol/L

82 pg/dL

none

Normal Values

Questions [Critical Thinking and Communication and Quantitative]

5. Which of Joyce ’s levels are abnormal and at what time point?

6. What is the mechanism of action of sarin or a sarin-like chemical?

7. How would exposure to a sarin-like poison affect the amounts of Na+ going into the muscle cell? Explain why.

8. How would exposure to a sarin or sarin-like chemical affect Ca2+ levels inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum? Why?

9. How do these altered Ca2+ levels affect the position of the actin and myosin filaments? Why/how?

10. What needs to happen to Joyce’s post-synaptic membrane to remedy her paralysis? Physiologically what do we need more of, and where?

Answer 1

Normal ranges

BP-Normal blood preassure is 120/80 mmof Hg

Temp.(°F)- Generally accepted tempreature is 98.6⁰ F,It can range from 97⁰F -99⁰F

Hemat(%)- It measures the volume of blood,normal hematocrit for men is 40-54%,for women 36-48%

Glucose(mg/dL)- blood sugar level less than 140mg/dL is normal

Na+(mEq/L)- Normal ranging is 135-145 mEq/L

K(mEq/L)-3.6- 5.2 mmol/L

AChE- The normal range of AChE is 100.An electrophysiology study has demonstrated normal neuromuscular transmission at >30 % of impairement of neuromuscular transmission at levels <10 %

Activity(% of normal)-

Thyroxine(pmol/L) 9-23pmol/L

SerumTriiodothyronin - Range from 80-220ng/dL

5- The AChE activity level is low.A normal range would be 100,but here he had 44%

6-Sarin is a potent inhibitor of acetylchlinesterase an enzyme that degrades the neurotransmitter acetylcholine after it i sreleased into the synaptic cleft.Sarin is an inhibitor of AChE.It is commonly helps to act on nerve agents for mass destruction.When the body get attacked by sarin or sarin like chemical ,it will directly attack the nervous system.In the nervous sysytem it interfears with the degradation of acetylcholine .It is also lethal that it may cause death due to asphyxia.

7-The excess AChE would stimulate Cholenrgic receptors and make the ion channels opened to be invaded by Na+ ions.This will depolarize the membrane and will send a continueal signal.

8- The DHSR would be continully stimulated by the continuel electrical signal,and thus the Ryanodine receptor also.This will open the calcium channels allowing them to continually bind to troponin.It is an organophosphurus chemical,which i shighly poisonus.

9-The post synaptic membrane is the membrane that receives a signal from the presynaptic cell and responds via depolarization or hyperpolarization.The post synaptic membrane is seperated from the presynaptic membrane by the synaptic cleft.