Question

• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2. Brief explanation of the underlying pathophysiology (IN YOUR OWN WORDS-Do not cut and paste a textbook description)
3. Identify the 3 most critical clinical manifestations (changes in vital signs, lab values, pain, etc.) caused by this disease process.
4. List 2 Pharmacological (medication) interventions
5. List 2 Non-Pharmacological interventions
6. Explain the outcomes for these interventions; how would the hospital staff know an intervention worked? Which lab values, assessments would indicate improvement?
7. Identify at least one clinical practice guideline from a professional medical association (American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, American Academy of Family Physicians, American Thoracic Society, Centers for Disease Control, etc.).
   1. Explain how a healthcare administrator would use these practice guidelines to ensure the highest quality of healthcare in his or her facility.

Answer 1

Answer 1. COPD is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder, in which many lung diseases are there, causing restricted airflow from lungs. The main diseases are chronic bronchitis(where the lining of bronchi is inflammed thereby narrowing the passage for air) and emphysema(where walls of alveoli are destroyed). Also long term exposure to irriting gases or smoke causes COPD. It is thus, a chronic disease.

It comes with symptoms of chronic cough with mucus, difficulty in breathing and wheezing.It's symptoms are general in start but later with severity, it increases and a doctor consult is required then.

COPD is a progressive disease that, it worsens with time. But it can be treated if reverse actions are taken.

Answer 2. The three most critical clinical manifestations of COPD are

A) Shortness of breaths

B) Tightness in chest<

C) Chronic cough with mucus.

Answer 3. Pharmacological intervention include treatment of COPD with medicines. In drugs, the first line treatment medicinesare bronchodilators like selective β2-agonists, are used to dilate then passage of air from lungs.

Other option is giving glucocorticoids.

Answer 4. Non pharmacological interventions inude the other step by step procedures like quiting smoking, development of health lifestyle