Question

Question 1

Qualitative methods rely on text and image data, have unique steps in data analysis, and draw on diverse designs.

	True
	False

Question 2

Observational protocol is a form used by a quantitative researcher for recording and writing down information while observing.

	True
	False

Question 3

The purpose statement in a research proposal sets the abstract, the intent, and the major idea for the study.

	True
	False

Question 4

Qualitative documents are always private documents (e.g., personal journals and diaries, letters, e-mails).

	True
	False

Question 5

Mixed methods research has evolved into a set of procedures that proposal developers can use in planning a mixed variable study.

	True
	False

Answer 1

Question no:1

Answer: True

1. Qualitative data analysis is a particularly challenging enterprise.

1. First challenge, there are no universal rules for analyzing qualitative data.
2. Second challenge, there is a enormous amount of work required.
3. Final challenge comes in reducing data for reporting purposes.

1. Qualitative researches, by contrast, must balance the need to be concise with the need to maintain the richness and evidentiary value of their data.
2. Analytic styles are of 2 types:
   1. Template analysis style- development of an analysis guide to sort the data.
   2. Editing analysis style- interpretation of the data on which a category scheme is based
   3. Immersion/ crystallization style- characterized by the analyst’s total immersion in and reflection of text materials.
3. Steps in data analysis:
   1. Organize and index the materials foe easy retrieval, coding the content of the data according to a category scheme.
   2. Organized the data by developing conceptual files (older one)/ CAQDAS- computer programs (newer one) – to perform basic indexing functions, and to facilitate data analysis.
   3. Actual analysis starts with thematic analysis.
   4. Next analytic step is quasi- statistics.
   5. Final step is qualitative content analysis.
4. Approach of data analysis            

Spradley’s method	Leininger’s method	Van Manen’s method	Hermeneutic circle
Domain analysis Taxonomic analysis Componential analysis Theme analysis	Collecting and recording data Categorizing descriptors Searching for repetitive patterns Abstracting major themes	Holistic approach Selective approach Detailed approach	Constitutive pattern Paradigm cases

Question no:2

Answer 2:

1. Observation is a type of self-reports by observing people’s behavior or characteristics.
2. Observation can be done directly through the human senses or with the aid of technical apparatus, such as video equipment.
3. Observational methods are quite versatile and can be used to gather variety of information including information about the following:
   1. Characteristics and conditions of individuals
   2. Verbal communications (e.g. information exchange during medication administration).
   3. Nonverbal communication (e.g. facial expressions)
   4. Activities and behavior (e.g. geriatric patients self- grooming activities)
   5. Skill attainment and performance (e.g. diabetic patients skill in testing their urine for sugar and acetone)
   6. Environmental conditions( e.g. architectural barriers in the homes of disabled persons)

       Question no:3

Answer: true

1. Purpose of the statement, which is the researcher’s summary of the overall goal of the study.
2. It establishes the general direction of the inquiry and captures- usually in one or two clear sentences- the essence of the study.
3. In qualitative studies, the statement of purpose indicates the nature of the inquiry, the key concept or phenomenon and the group, community or setting under the study.
4. It communicates more than just the nature of the problem.
5. It suggests the manner in which they sought to solve the problem, or the state of knowledge on the topic.
6. A statement of purpose indicating that the intent of the study was to prove, demonstrate or show something suggests a bias.

Question no:4

Answer true:

1. These include gaining trust.
2. Pacing data collection to avoid being overwhelmed by the intensity of data
3. Avoiding emotional involvement
4. Maintaining reflexivity

Question no:5

Answer true:

1. Mixed method research involves the triangulation of qualitative and quantitative data in a single project.
2. It is used for many purposes, including the development and testing of high quality instruments, the generation and testing of hypotheses, theory building and intervention development.
3. Advantages:
   1. Complementarity
   2. Incrementally
   3. Enhanced validity
4. Designs:
   1. Component designs- the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the study are implemented as discrete components
   2. Integrated designs- integration of methods throughout the research process.
5. Approaches:
   1. Clinical trials:
      1. Phase 1
      2. Phase 2
      3. Phase 3
      4. Phase 4
   2. Sequential trial- mini experiments
   3. Pragmatic clinical trials- hybrid designs
   4. Evaluation research
      1. Process or implantation analysis
      2. Outcome analysis
      3. Impact analysis
      4. Cost analysis
      5. Cost benefit analysis
      6. Cost effectiveness analysis
   5. Nurse intervention research
   6. Outcomes research
   7. Survey method
      1. Personal interviews
      2. Telephone interviews
      3. Questionnaires
   8. Need assessment
      1. Key informant
      2. Survey
      3. Indicators approaches
   9. Delphi survey
   10. Replication studies
       1. Identical replication
       2. Virtual replication
       3. Systematic extension replication
   11. Methodological research
       1. Development
       2. Validation
       3. Assessment of methodological tools or strategies.