Question

Explain what is meant by the term ‘linked genes’ with respect to homologous recombination. For example, if an organism is heterozygous at two genetic loci on the same chromosome, in what way does the position of these alleles with respect to each other affect how they are transmitted to gametes during meiosis?

You have read that chromosomes carry the basic genetic information required for all of our cells. Chromosomal abnormalities are the cause of various health conditions and can occur in both germline and in somatic cells.

Answer 1

Linked genes with respect to homologous recombination-

Linked genes means they are closely related to each other , present on same chromosome and are likely to be inherited together during separation. Homologous recombination means a process in which exchange of genetic material take place: means that parts present on chromatids of one chromosome are exchanged with other chromatids of non Homologous chromosomes. Linked genes with respect to homologous recombination means that during exchange of genetic material, these genes are very rarely separated or not separated during meiosis.

If the organism is heterozygous at two genetic loci on the same chromosome, the alleles will get affected by homologous recombination as well as independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis. If there is no linkage in these heterozygous pairs, then they can divide independently and randomly depending upon the division. While being linked they will remain together and will not separate during recombination ,hence showing linkage and particularly differrent phenotypic effect with respect to the character of their allele.

Chromosomal abnormalities means that due to mutation or failed assortment/ segregation, causing increased, decreased number of chromosomes in individuals and hence such phenotypic effects are being expressed due to abnormalities in genotype or genetic material.

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