Question

Question

1) list and discribe the three types of mental disorders ( discribe ur nursing actions using the nursing process to prioritize your nusring care for each type of disorder)

2) List different roles of the nurse in treatment settings and programs.

3) List 4 nursing diagnosis

4) List 3 medications used for bipolar disorders and treatment for pations with depression.

Answer 1

1 Mood doisorders are characterized by a disturbance of mood ,accompanied by a full or partial manic or depressive syndrome.There are different types of mental disorders .Let us look into three disorders.Here we are going to discuss about Mania,Depression and Schizophrenia

Mania

• It refers to a syndrome in which the central features are over -activity ,mood change and self-important ideas.
• Mania is classified into hypomania,mania without psychotic symptoms,mania with psychotic symptoms,manic episode unspecified.
• Features include elevated ,expansive and irritable mood,increased psychomotor activity,fight of ideas,pressure f speech,Delusions of grandeaur,delusions of persecution,distractability,impulsive behaviour,disinhibition,hypersexual,poor judgement,decreased food intake,attention and concentration and poor sleep,absent insight.

Depression

• it is used t describe a person retreat from relating to the external world
• clinical features are withdrawn behaviour pattern,difficulty in expressing the feelings,Ambivalence,disordered thought process and regression.
• in taking care of a withdrawn patient ,the nurse might be faced with problems .Communication and interpersonal relarionship are the biggest difficulties.

Schizophrenia

• it is a psychotic condition characterized by a disturbance in thinking,emotions,violitions and faculties in the presence of clear consiousness which leads to withdrawl.
• Genetic ,Biochemical and social factors contribute to schizophrenia.
• Clinical types include Paranoid,Hebephrenic,Catatonic,Residual,Undifferentiated,Simple and Post-schizophrenic depression.
• Features are delusion of persecution,delusion of jealousy,deluson of grandiosity,auditory and visual hallucinations,autistic thinking,loosening of associations,thought blocking,neologism,poverty of speech,poverty of ideation,echoalia,perservation ,verbigeration

b Nursing diagnosis

1. Altered nutrition,less than body requirements related to refusal of or inability to sit still long enough to eat ,evidenced by weight loss ,amenorrhoea.

• Provide high protein,high caloric,nutritious foods and drinks that can be consumed on the run.
• Maintain accurate record of intake out put chart and calorie count.
• Weigh the patient regularly.

2 Psychiatric nurses has many rolles to play that continue to change and evolve it include

• Direct care provider.
• Provider of Therapeutic environment for the patient.
• Teacher/Educator.
• Co-ordinator
• Patient advocate
• Provider of preventive care.
• Collaborator.
• Case Manager.
• Professional role.
• Researcher.

3 Depression-

• Altered sleep and rest ,related to depressed mood and depressive cognitions evidenced by difficulty in falling asleep.
• Altered nutrition less than body requirements related to depressed mood evidenced by weight loss.
• Self-care deficit related to depressed mood,feelings of worthlessness,evidenced by poor hygiene and grooing.
• High risk for self-diected violence related to depressed mood,feeings of worthlessness and anger directed inward on the self.

Mania

• High risk for injury related to extreme hyperactivity and impulsive behaviour,evidenced by lack of control overpurposeless and potentially injurious movements.
• High risk for violence ,self directed or directed at others related to manic excitement ,delusional thinking and hallucinations.
• Impaired social interaction related to egocentric and narcisssistic behaviour,evidenced by inability to develop satisfying relationships and manipulation of othersfor own desires.

Schizophrenia

• Alteration in thought process related to inability to trust panic anxiety ,evidenced by delusional thinking,inability to concentrate,impaired vvolition.
• Social isolation related to inability to trus evidenced by withdrawl ,sad,dull affect preoccupation with own thoughts,expression of feelings of rejection of aloneness imposed by others.
• Impaired verbal communication related to panic anxiety evidenced by loosening of associations ,echolalia,verbalizations that reflect concrete thinking and poor eye contact.
• Potential for violence,self-directed or directed at others related to extreme suspiciousness,panic anxiety,catatonic excitement ,rage,reactions,evidenced by physical violence or agressive violent acts.

4 Bipolar disorders is characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression in the same patient and at diffeent times.Mood stabilizersare the medicins to treat and prevent mania and depression.3 medications are Carbamazepine,Lithium and Valporil sodium.

Treatment for Depression include

Pharmacotherapy-Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors include Citalopram,atypical antidepressants,MAOI

ECT ,Psyco therapies and Transcranial magnetic stimulation.