Question

1. ______ Late complications of Streptococcal pharyngitis include all of the following except:
   1. glomerulonephritis.
   2. Rheumatic fever.
   3. neurologic complications.
   4. bowel dysfunction.
   5. heart valve dysfunction.

31*__true or false___   Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infects adults and children with the same degree of morbidity and mortality.

32*__true or false___ RSV can produce only weak and short-lived immunity, regardless of the clinical severity. Therefore, a patient can have the infection again.

33. The purified protein derivative test (PPD) is also known as the ___________________ test.

34. The PPD is read at 48 to 72 hours after delivery due to the body’s ______________________________ to the tubercle bacillus.

35. This wet prep slide of vaginal epithelial cells shows a “Clue cell” which is indicative of ____________________________________.

36. *_true or false____ Lowering the vaginal pH to 4.5 (or lower) promotes a decrease in lactobacilli (normal microbiota) and, therefore, an increase in other undesirable organisms.

37. _____ Vulvovaginal candidiasis is associated with
    1. diabetes mellitus.
    2. oral contraceptive pills.
    3. antibacterial therapy.
    4. pregnancy.
    5. All of the above are correct.

38. *___true or false__ Disseminated gonococcal infection is characterized by fever, pustular rash, and infective arthritis.

     43 _____ Chlamydia trachomatis in the Fallopian tube may result in

1. ectopic pregnancy.
2. urethritis.
3. vaginal irritation.
4. appendicitis.
5. None of the above are true.

Answer 1

ANSWERS

1)Option - d. Bowel dysfunction

Possible late complications of Streptococcal pharyngitis are:

• Rheumatic fever
• Glomerulonephritis
• Otitis media
• Meningitis
• Pneumonia
• Toxic shock syndrome
• Peri-tonsillar and Retro-pharyngeal abcess

2) False statement.

(Actually, The morbidity and mortality of RSV in children are more than the adults)

Respiratory syncytial virus causes infections of the lungs and respiratory tract. In adults, RSV symptoms are mild and usualy mimic the common cold. RSV can cause severe infection in some people, especially premature babies, infants and adults with heart and lung disease, and in immunocompromised individuals.

3) True statement. ( RSV can produce only weak and short-lived immunity, regardless of the clinical severity. Therefore, a patient can have the infection again.)

Immunity after RSV infection is only effective for a few months before the individual is once again susceptible to reinfection. Consequently, reinfection occurs throughout the life.

4) False statement.

(Actually, A higher vaginal pH (>4.5) may causes infections as it can allow bacteria and yeast to thrive.)

A normal vaginal pH is between 3.8 and 4.5. A pH level within this range can helps to prevent bacterial and fungal infections. Lactobacilli bacteria live in the vagina' and secrete lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide, which give the vagina' its acidic pH level. Several conditions and infections can affect the vaginal pH balance, usually by increasing pH levels (pHmore than 4.5).

5) Option - e. All of the above are correct.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis is an infection with vaginal and vulval symptoms caused by a yeast (a type of fungus), most often Candida albicans.

Sypmtoms include:

• Vaginal itching or soreness
• Dysuria
• Abnormal vaginal discharge (White curd-like)

Susceptible candidates:

• Pregnancy
• Higher dose combined oral contraceptive pill
• A course of broad-spectrum antibiotics
• Diabetes mellitus
• Obesity
• Immunodeficiency such as HIV infection

6) True Statement. (Disseminated gonococcal infection is characterized by fever, pustular rash, and infective arthritis.)

Disseminated gonococcal infection is caused by bacteremic spread of the sexually transmitted pathogen, Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It causes:

• Arthritis
• Tenosinovitis
• Endocarditis
• Pharyngitis
• Meningitis
• Fever
• Localized skin infections (pustular rash)

7) Option - a. Ectopic pregnancy.

Chlamydia trachomatis is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by bacteria. In women, genital infection due to Chlamydia trachomatis may be asymptomatic or result in mucocervicitis, acute urethritis or salpingitis. If not treated, chlamydia can lead to damage to the reproductive system. The infection can spread to the uterus or fallopian tubes and cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Damage to the fallopian tube and PID caused by Chlamydia trachomatis may lead to recurrent salpingitis, chronic pain, tubo-ovarian abscess, ectopic pregnancy and infertility.