Question

In: Biology

Bacteriology: 1. Adaptive immunity occurs when.. A) death results from pathogen infection. B) the innate immune...

Bacteriology:

1. Adaptive immunity occurs when..

A) death results from pathogen infection.

B) the innate immune response is overly effective.

C) a broad, rapid response is needed to a wide range of pathogens from the body regardless of the specific type of pathogen.

D) the innate immune response fails to eliminate pathogens in the body and virulent infections persist after the initial innate defense response.

2. Stem cells are produced and developed in the..

A) bone marrow.

B) brain.

C) liver.

D) stems of plants.

3. The secondary lymphoid organs consist of which of the following?

A) lymph nodes only

B) mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) only

C) the spleen only

D) lymph nodes, MALT, and the spleen

4. The rapid increase in adaptive immunity after a second antigen exposure is called

A) immune memory.

B) specificity.

C) tolerance.

D) attenuation.

5. Immunoglobulins are produced by B cells and are also known as

A) antibodies.

B) antigens.

C) bacteria.

D) pathogens.

Expert Solution

1. Option D is correct

Adaptive immune response occurs when the initial innate immune response fails to tackle the pathogen. Adaptive immune response is a third line of defence and it includes antibodies mediated immunity and cell mediated immunity. Innate immunity comprises the first and second line of defence. When first and second line of defence fail then the cells of the innate immunity activates the cells of adaptive immunity. Adaptive immune response is highly specific unlike the generalised innate immune response.

2. Option A is correct

Stem cells involved in the production of blood corpuscles are known as hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Hematopoietic stem cells are present in the bone marrow.

3. Option D is correct

Secondary lymphoid organs provide the site where lymphocytes interact with the antigen to become an effector cells. Secondary lymphoid organs include lymph nodes, spleen, MALT, tonsils peyer's patches etc.

4. Option A is correct

Adaptive immunity has the ability to store the memory of the antigen after the initial exposure with the antigen in the form of memory cells. This is the reason, why subsequent adaptive immune responses are more vigorous than the initial response after the antigen exposure.

5. Option A is correct

Immunoglobulins are the plasma proteins produced by the B cells against a specific antigen. Immunoglobulins are also known as the antibodies.

Antigens are the molecules against which antibodies are produced.

Pathogens are disease causing microbes.

gladiator answered 2 years ago

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