Question

Revise Smith/Marx/Weber/Durkheim Khaldun's theory of human nature and their difference?

Answer 1

Theory of human nature and their difference by Adam Smith  

The traditional theory of human nature attributed to man by Adam Smith conceives of human beings as selfish, egoistic, exclusively concerned with self-love and an unquenchable desire for the most extravagant forms of material wealth. This model of man is developed in The Wealth of Nations.

Theory of human nature and their difference by Marx

Individuals are depends on the material conditions of their production', he also believes that human nature will condition (against the background of the productive forces and relations of production) the way in which individuals express their life.

Karl Marx wrote about capitalism in a very different way than Adam Smith. Whereas Smith saw the maximizing of self-interest resulting in a state of equilibrium, Karl Marx saw exploitation, or a situation where an individual is not receiving benefits to meet his or her needs.

Theory of human nature and their difference by Weber

it states the relationship between psychological motivations, cultural values and beliefs (primarily religion), and the structure of the society (usually determined by the economy).

Weber who agreed with Marx that people often fight to protect their own interests, but he agreed with Durkheim that what people consider their interests often are determined by socialization and shared values. He believed society is becoming more rationalized and bureaucratic over time.

Theory of human nature and their difference by Durkheim

Durkheim believed that societies are held together by shared values, which change over time as societies become bigger and more complex.