Question

1. List the different kind of capacitors used in commercial products, create excel sheet with following columns; Type, Material, Package, Tolerance, temperature, and ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance).

2. What is the difference between bi-polar and non bi-polar capacitor?

3. What is the difference between precision capacitors and regular one?

4. What is a Super Capacitor and name three usages of this kind of capacitor?

Answer 1

type	ceramic	film	electrolytic	supercapacitor	Class x and y	variable
material	ceramic	plastic	wet electrolyte or solid polymer	carbon	metals	semic circular metal plates
package	.4mm to .2mm		5 x6x11mm	8x10x13mm	16x15mm2 16x5mm2	vary
temperature	-55 to 125 c	-55 to 150 C	85 to 150C	-40 mto 70C	-55 to 120C	65 to 125C
ESR	0.01 - 0.1	<0.1	0.01 - 0.1		.05%	vary
tolerance		+- 10%	+- 20%	+- 20%	+-5%	- 20% to 80 %

i could gain only this much info and sorry for any miss info.The value i have provided are most correct and apto to the best sources and table which question has asked cant be made exactly coz there is no such parameter provided so in general thistable fits the most and parameters vary from material and type to type significantly so there is no such exact value which can be assigned.

2)

A bipolar capacitor is just a non-polarized capacitor.Term is usually in reference to make it clear that you can use it in any orientation since they're usually polarized while a non bipolar cap cant be used in any orientation coz change in orientation can cause change in capacitance

3)

• PC has optimizing electrical characteristics than normal cap
• Maximum insulation resistant/minimum dissipation factor in PC as compaerd to regular cap
• PC standards are accurate as laboratory standards for long time but normal caps shows variation after regular use in short time
• IN PC Moisture sealed to ensure a long operating life as compared to reguolar on
• PC are moderately-priced, high precision, versatile laboratory standards but regular arent that well prepared .They are prepared in bulk so there are slight chances that these will fluctuate
• Sixe of PC are considerably smaller and lighter than other design
• There are wide applications of PC: calibration standard, breadboard component, circuit simulation device and a precision component in stable frequency or timing networks
• PC are available in values up to 10.0 mfd which is quite large for normal capacitance.

4)

Supercapacitor also called as Super Cap, Double Layer Capacitor and Ultra-capacitor. it is a polar capacitor type.The electrodes of supercap is coated with active carbon as electrode material. A separator is used between Anode and Cathode in Supercapacitor, acting as dielectric

The supercapacitors store charge either using electrostatic double-layer capacitance (EDLC) or electrochemical pseudocapacitance or both known as hybrid capacitance.

The separator is an ion-permeable membrane such as graphene (used in modern supercapacitor) which provides the insulation and exchange of ions of the electrolyte between the electrodes.

Supercapacitor charges very fast like a capacitor and its capacity is high and discharge rate is slow like a Battery.

its usages are

LED flash lighs in digital cameras

STabalising power supply in laptopos and other handy devices

USed in ICs RAM CMOS CLOCKS etc.