Question

Answer the following questions in detail.

If you are hypothetically chosen to travel and set up life in Mars:

1. What would you do and what things would you bring from Earth to Mars (without bringing a living organism, i.e. human, dog, etc.) in order to initiate life in Mars, and why?

2. Once the first cell arose from whatever life you initiated from question 1, how would it evolve to include all the diverse living organisms (i.e. monkey, humans, plants, etc.) that we see on today's earth?

Answer 1

Answer :

1)

We have to carry some molecules as nucleosides, deoxyribose and ribose sugar, enzymes and lipopolysacharide.

Target is artificial RNA synthesis. This requires no template.

First phase of this is RNA printing or solid phase RNA synthesis.

Here we make oligonucleotide fragments.

Second step is to connect these oligonucleotide fragments by RNA assembly.

Make lipopolisacharide string into microscopic ring. Place it in a thin film of starch medium. Introduce RNA into this ring. Slowly add RNA polymerase, tRNA, ribosome etc.

Once the RNA cell starts self replicating our first step of creating life is over. Now single stranded DNA printing can be done and introduced into this with dna polymerase.

The next step is to make it a double stranded molecule and introducing helicases, primases also.

Once the last cell starts function with transcription we can introduce the first cell with rna alone to this cell. So that it will start functioning as an organelle.

Later a double stranded DNA cell can be introduced into similar one with larger size.

2)

Here in question 1 we have formed eukaryotic cell to avoid long time lapses.

Once we allow these cells to multiply in medium. New cells will derive new proteins and mRNAs.

Some cells achieve the ability for multiplication in the medium. Remove those with dna replication and no cell division.

Select those with proper cell division. Introduce into different medium with different temperature and pH.

Now its set for evolution.

Multicellular forms arise from unicellular forms.

Multicellular forms initially start a symbiotic life. Then develop into primitive multicellular organisms.

Once they evolve chloroplast and mitochondria, they get evolved by photophosphorylation and cellular respiration.

Green algae is formed. They get into solid media where they form rhizoids and become the first land plants. Which can be transferred to soil.

Then vascular systems get evolved and larger plants will be formed. Then seed plants evolve and finally flowering plants.

Its not possible to think evolution of animals will be sma as that of earth .

This is because evolution is according to the environment.

But if we create similar atmosphere as that was there in earth. From primitive multicellular forms organisms like sponge will evolve. From which platyhelminthes then annelids, from annelids mollusks then chordates. From chordates vertebrates and primates from vertebrates and humans from primates.