Question

1. Language development generally takes place in stages. Review page 179, “Visualizing Development – Early Communication and Language Development” of your course text, which discusses the evolution of oral language in young children, and then explain the differences between cooing, babbling, receptive language, and expressive language. Based on the 4 theories of language development theories described on pages 180-185 of your course text, summarize the role of important adults in a young child's language development.
2. As stated in your course text, both a child's temperament and his or her "goodness of fit" can influence early development. Review the Temperament section on pages 192-195 in the text. In your own words, define goodness of fit. Then reflect on your own childhood. Use the information in this section to help you describe your temperament as a young child and whether you experienced goodness of fit with any one person or situation in your early life. As part of your answer, either explain why you believe you experienced goodness of fit, or explain what would have promoted greater goodness of fit with a key person or situation.
3. The course states that, “Each day of looking and learning seems insignificant, yet responses accumulate to develop a toddler who thinks, understands, pretends, and explains.” (Berger, 2018, p.163) Based on the Learning Resources for this week, provide an example of developmental growth that typically occurs between birth and age 2 in each of the domains—physical, cognitive, and social and emotional. Then, briefly explain how experiences accumulate and contribute to each of these developmental changes.

Answer 1

differences between cooing, babbling, receptive language, and expressive language are

• Cooing – This is the baby’s first sound production besides crying, usually occurring between six to eight weeks of age.
• Laughing – Usually at around 16 weeks, your baby will laugh in response to things in their world. My son laughed for the first time when our Labrador Retriever licked him on the hand.
• Babbling and baby jargon – This is the use of repeated syllables over and over like “bababa,” but without specific meaning. It usually occurs between 6 and 9 months. Babbling turns into baby jargon, or “nonsense speech.”
• Receptive language is essentially understanding the expressions and words of others. Children begin to develop this skill first.
• Expressive language is the child's ability to express themselves. As children improve their language skills, they tend to understand more than they can say.

2)role of important adults in a young child's language development.

Language development is a critical part of child development.

It supports your child’s ability to communicate, and express and understand feelings. It also supports thinking and problem-solving, and developing and maintaining relationships. Learning to understand, use and enjoy language is the critical first step in literacy, and the basis for learning to read and write.

The best way to encourage your child’s speech and language development is to do lots of talking together about things that interest your child. I

Talking with your child
Talk to your child and treat them as a talker, beginning in the first 12 months. When you finish talking, give your child a turn and wait for them to respond. And when your child starts babbling, copy your child and babble back. You’ll probably find that your child babbles back to you again. This keeps the talking going and is great fun.

Responding to your child
As your child grows up and starts to use gestures, you can respond to your child’s attempts to communicate. For example, if your child shakes their head, respond as if your child is saying ‘No’. If your child points to a toy, respond as if your child is saying, ‘Can I have that?’ or ‘I like that’.

When your child starts using words, you can repeat and build on what your child says. For example, if your child says, ‘Apple,’ you can say, ‘You want a red apple?’

When you tune in and respond to your child, it encourages your child to communicate. You’ll be amazed at how much your child has to say, even before words develop.

Everyday talking
Talking about what’s happening in your daily life together is a great way to increase the number of words your child hears. You can talk about things that make sense to your child, like what you’re seeing or doing together – the key is to use lots of different words and in different contexts. For example, you can talk to your child about an orange tree and about cutting up an orange for lunch. This helps your child learn the meaning and function of words in their world.

It doesn’t matter if your child doesn’t understand, because understanding will grow as your child develops.

Reading with your baby
Read and share lots of books with your child, and read more complex books as your child grows. Reading lets your child hear words in different contexts, which helps with learning the meaning and function of words.

Linking what’s in the book to what’s happening in your child’s life is a good way to get your child talking. You can also encourage talking by chatting about interesting pictures in the books you read with your child.

parents modify their speech when talking to young children in a number of ways: keeping their utterances short and grammatically simple, using exaggerated intonation to hold the child’s attention and to emphasize the key words, limiting the topics talked about to what is familiar to the child, and frequently repeating and paraphrasing what they say. In modifying their speech in this way, adults not only increase the chances of their children understanding what they say, but they also provide evidence that is particularly clear and easy for their children to use in their task of language construction.

answer 3)nfants (birth to age 1) and toddlers (ages 1 to 2) grow quickly; bodily changes are rapid and profound. Physical development refers to biological changes that children undergo as they age. Important aspects that determine the progress of physical development in infancy and toddlerhood include physical and brain changes; development of reflexes, motor skills, sensations, perceptions, and learning skills; and health issues.

The first 4 weeks of life are termed the neonatal period. Most babies weigh between 5 1/2 and 10 pounds, and are between 18 and 22 inches long. Male babies are generally slightly heavier and longer than female babies. Neonates born weighing less than 5 1/2 pounds are of low birthweight.

An infant's birthweight generally doubles by 6 months and triples by the infant's first birthday. Similarly, a baby grows between 10 and 12 inches in length (or height), and the baby's proportions change during the first 2 years babies automatically suck when presented with a nipple, turn their heads when a parent speaks, grasp at a finger that is pressed into their hand, and startle when exposed to loud noises. Some reflexes, such as blinking, are permanent. Others, such as grasping, disappear after several months and eventually become voluntary responses