Question

Research the associated lab and diagnostic studies that are associated with:
1.Dysphagia

2.Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
3.Gastroparesis
4.Bowel incontinence.
5.Chronic constipation.
6.Chronic diarrhea.
7.Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Explain for each diagnosis :

1. Diagnostic test

2. Lab test

3. 3 nursing interventions

Answer 1

Disease	Diagnostic test	Lab test	3 nursing interventions
Dysphagia	Swallow study Endoscopy Manometry	Barium X-ray test	Dilation Botulinum toxin (Botox) Feeding through nasogastric tube or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)	Upper endoscopy Esophageal manometry.	Ambulatory acid (pH) probe test Upper digestive system X-ray	Administering Antacids Prescribing strong H-2-receptor blockers Fundoplication
Gastroparesis	Gastric Emptying Study or Scintigraphy Breath Test Endoscopy	Blood test X-ray Ultrasound	Medicines like Reglan or erythromycin Zofran class medication for controlling nausea and vomitting Feeding tube methods
Bowel incontinence.	Colonoscopy Anal manometry Balloon expulsion test	Proctography. MRI	Anti-diarrheal drugs Bowel training Sacral nerve stimulation
Chronic constipation.	Sigmoidoscopy Colonoscopy Anorectal manometry Defecography	Blood tests X-Ray	Administring Serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptors. Using Osmotic laxatives Calcium polycarbophil, psyllium and methylcellulose.
Chronic diarrhea.	Colonoscopy Ultrasound	Blood test Stool test	Antibiotics OTC medication Oral rehydration solution
Irritable Bowel Syndrome	Flexible sigmoidoscopy Colonoscopy Medical history and normal physical evaluation	Lactose intolerance tests Breath test Stool tests	Alosetron (Slow bowel movement) Rifaximin (Bacterial treatment) Lubiprostone (more secretion of Fluid)