You are studying a strain of Streptococcus pyogenes that has acquired a brand new gene from...

You are studying a strain of Streptococcus pyogenes that has acquired a brand new gene from horizontal gene transfer, which seems to give it resistance to chloramphenicol. Hypothesize two mechanisms by which the new gene could be conferring resistance to chloramphenicol in S. pyogenes.

Expert Solution

The most important and frequently occurring mechanism of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is horizontal gene transfer or conjugation. By this process bacteria receives antibiotic resistant plasmid from other bacteria and becomes antibiotic resistant itself.

In the question, it is given that the bacteria have acquired new genes by horizontal gene transfer and has become resistant to chloramphenicol. The two possible mechanism by which the bacteria has become resistant to the antibiotic can be -

1. Because of this newly introduced antibiotic resistant gene, the bacteria is producing enzymes. These enzymes are responsible for the degradation of antibiotic molecule when it enters inside the bacterial cell.

2. Because of this newly introduced antibiotic-resistant gene, the bacteria is now able to produce specific molecules which binds to the antibiotic molecule and nullifies its effect. They repress the activity of antibiotic molecule inside the bacterial cell.

Note that degradation of antibiotic molecules and the repression of activity are two different mechanisms.

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gladiator answered 2 years ago

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