Question

What are the pathological features of loss of connection between cells and cell death.

Answer 1

Pathological features of loss of connection between cells

               * Toxic substances or infection affect various cells of the body which result in cell destruction and loss of connection between cells.

                                               # In case of brain cells connection problem because of bacteria or viral infection lead to loss of impulse transmission brain and various organs of the body.[eg; meningitis, Alzheimer's disease,parkinsonism etc]

                                              # In case of cancer because of uncontrolled proliferation of cells leads to metabolic abnormalities in normal adjuscent cells.[ Ca breast,multiple myeloma,leukemia etc]

                                             # In case blood disorders connection between blood cells interrupted by specfic changes in protein and gene mutation.[ Sickle cell anemia,iron deficiency anemia etc]

                                            # In case of connective tissue disorders total changes occur in connection between cells because of variation in collagen level.[Systemic sclerosis, polymyositis,systemic lupus erythematosus etc]

Pathological features of cell death

   Generally cell death divided into two types                                 1 .Apoptosis or programmed cell death.

                                                            2 .Necrosis or tissue death.

                                 1. Apoptosis

                                                     Apoptosis is the normal cell death because of aging.it's features are

                                                              * Early stage

                                                                             In this stage losing of mitochondrial membarine potential will occur.

                                                             * Mid stage

                                                                               In this stage translocation of phosphatidylserin [ A protein located in the cellular membarine] occur.

* Late stage

In this stage defragmentation of DNA will occur.

   2. Necrosis

It is a type of cell death occur due to trauma ,infection [eg; clostridium tetani].