Question

There are multiple causes of antibacterial resistance, and also multiple ways to prevent antibacterial resistance. Please explain and discuss at least one cause of antibacterial resistance, and at least one way to prevent antibacterial resistance. (NOTE: 200--400 words)

Answer 1

Antibacterial Resistance-

Its the ability of a Bacterial microorganism to stop an antibacterial agent(Antibiotic) from working against it.

The important Cause of Antibacterial Resistance-

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE-

Occurs due to-

• Intrinsic method(naturally)-lack of cell walls(resistance to pencillins),Drug inactivation(cephalosporins in Klebshella)
• extreinsic method(acquired)- through genetic methods(mutations and plasmids)

MECHANISM-

The following are the steps how antibiotic resistance is formed-

1. Suppose there are lot of Bacterias and some of them (very few) are resistance.
2. Antibiotics kill the bacteria causing the illness as well as the good bacteria which protects the body from infection.
3. The drug resistant bacteria are allowed to grow and take over.
4. Some of the Bacteria give their resistance power to Some other bacteria and the cycle continous.

Other mechanisms resulting in Antibiotic resistance-

• Inappropiate usage of antibiotics
• increased use of imperical antibiotics
• Overuse of antibiotics
• Inadequate dosing of antibiotics.
• Over the counter availability of Antibiotics

Way to prevent antibacterial resistance-

Prevention of antibiotic resistance-

• Judicious usage of antibiotics
• Develop new antibiotics
• Do Culture and sensitivity test of the drugs.
• Follow established guidlines
• Know your antibiogram
• Stop the antibiotic treatment-When the infection is treated,When the infectiom is not diagnosed,When is unlikely

MECHANISM-

When the above steps are performed absolutely correct then the action of a antibiotic occurs effectively on the bacterial organisms that results in killing the bacteria .(As we have done Drug sensitivity test that helps what drug to be given )

So the Culture and sensitivity of the drug plays an important role in prevention of Antibacterial resistance.

The following are the some of the latest Antibaterial susceptibility tests-

• Minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC]

• Liquid media (dilution) allows MIC estimation

• Beta lactamase production.