Question

short summary report of around 250-400 words/ (2-3 pages) related to nutrition related topic about (Calcium and vitamin D deficiencies among Elderly)

#report Layout :

1. Introduction/ background on the topic (must be from trusted1
references and scientific based) and must cover the following:
National and global statistics on the topic (e.g. Prevalence of obesity in Oman and globally). “if available”
Key definitions

2.Importance of the topic.
3.Discussion: discuss the following:
Core messages or information
Dietary interventions r nutrition therapy
Any other related information

4.Implications in the
health field
5.Analyze and use the scientific based evidence in the field of nutrition about (Calcium and vitamin D deficiencies among Elderly)
6.Outcomes & Conclusion

7.References

short summary report of around 250-400 words/ (2-3 pages) related to nutrition related topic about (Calcium and vitamin D deficiencies among Elderly)

#report Layout :

1. Introduction/ background on the topic (must be from trusted1
references and scientific based) and must cover the following:
National and global statistics on the topic (e.g. Prevalence of obesity in Oman and globally). “if available”
Key definitions

2.Importance of the topic.
3.Discussion: discuss the following:
Core messages or information
Dietary interventions r nutrition therapy
Any other related information

4.Implications in the
health field
5.Analyze and use the scientific based evidence in the field of nutrition about (Calcium and vitamin D deficiencies among Elderly)
6.Outcomes & Conclusion

7.References

Answer 1

Calcium and Vitamin D deficiencies among Elderly:

Calcium is an important mineral for life and 99 % Calcium in the body found in bones and teeth. The vital functions of Calcium in the body are to build boes and teeth, important element for blood coagulation and muscle contraction and it also helps in regular heart beat. Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin, required for normal bone development and that prevents rickets. It can be manufactured on skin by the exposure to sunlight. Vitamin D is essential for Calcium absorption.

Elderly are more prone to Calcium and Vitamin D deficiency and are more in number to suffer with associated deficiency diseases. This may be due to poor dietary intake of Calcium and Vitamin D and also due to less exposure to the sunlight. The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency is very common in Under developed and developing countries. Reports show that 42% US population is suffering with some form of vtamin D deficiency. But it is uncommon in the form of rickets in Children. According to Center for Disease Control and Prevention 5 percentage men and 24 % womwen are suffering with some form of osteoporosis due to Vitamin D deficiency primarily.

Importance of the topic: Even though Calcium intake is adequate in  US population due to the Vitamin D deficiency, there are chances of Calcium deficiency as vitamin D is essential for Calcium absorption. Vitamin D deficiency may leads to the complications of Fractures due to Osteoporosis, cancer,diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases etc.

Dietary interventions or nutrition therapy:

Vitamin D deficiency: 1500 to 2000 IU per day Vitamin D ( For elderly)

Calcium deficiency: 1000mg/ day Calcium supplement ( For elderly)

Health implications

Calcium and Vitamin D deficiency is more common in elderly as their exposure to sunlight and intake of nutrients may get lesser as their age progress. Most of the elderly tend to be inside the walls of home and care homes, restricted to adequate sunlight, may increase the vunerabality of elderly to Vitamin D deficiency, resulting in decreased Calcium absorption also.

Diet for elderly should include  Vitamin D rich foods also such as Salmon, canned tuna , mushrooms, fortified foods etc. Calcium rich food are Amaranths, black beans , kale , almonds , brocoli and low fat diary products etc also should include in the diet of elderly.

It is important to maintain a proper intake of Vitamin D and Calcium in the food and adequate exposure to sunlight for the elderly for the strength of bone and the proper functioning of other body systems.