Question

1. Why does a patient who had a URI that developed into mengitis have hypertension , high RR and high pulse rate?

2. Explain the pathophysiology behind this patient's lymphadenopathy who has meningitis

3. How do you treat bacterial menigitis and for how long?

4. What is the pathophys behind a bug bite that causes swelling on the eye to eventuall shut the lids.

5. With 96 hours after being bit , what TWO encephalitis can be seen in that incubation period?

6. What are the reasons one might see laser scars in the eys w/o hemmorage and with occasional exudate.

7. why would a enchaphilitis patient be checked for foot lesions?

Answer 1

1.The bacteria that causes upper respiratory tract infection can cause meningococcal meningitis whey these bacteria enters into the blood stream, they cause meningitis which is the inflammation of the meninges.One f the sign of the meningitis is Increased Intracranial Pressure.And increased icp leads to increase in the blood pressure.When there is increased intracranial pressure it causes fall in cerebral perfusion pressure which is the primary determinant of cerebral ischemic blood flow.And this leads to increase in carbon dioxide level and decrease in oxygen level in the blood.To compensate this the heart starts pumping more leading to hypertension, increased respiratory rate and Increase in the heart rate

2.Immune system glands that usually enlarge in response to bacterial or viral infection are called as Lymphadenopathy .The bacteria or virus that has caused meningitis affects the lymphatic system often resulting in enlarged lymphnodes that are warm, erythematous, and tender causing lymphadenopathy.When the lymphatic system is trying to stop the virulence of bacteria or virus they attack the lymphodes when the infection is rapid.

3.Depending on the cause, menngitis may get better by its own or it can be life threatening, requiring urgent antibiotic treatment.

A) Medications:

• Antibiotics- stops the growth of or kills the bacteria.
• Steroids: modifies or stimulates hormone effects often to reduce inflammation or for tissue growth and repair.
• Penicillin antibiotic: stops growth of or kills specific bacteria.

B) Supportive care :Hospitalisation and oxygen therapy

Commonly used meningitis treatments include a class of antibiotics called cephalosoporins, especially Claforan(Cefotaxime) and Rocephin( Ceftriaxone).Various Penicillin type antibiotics, aminoglycoside drugs such as Gentamicin are administered for 6 weeks if the infection persists.

4.When bug bites near to the eye and reaction to the bug spit causes swelling.The loose eye tissue swells easily.And bug bite can lead to allergic reactions causing itching of the eyes, which can cause rubbing of the eyes which makes eyelids puffy leading to incresed swelling of the eye and shuting of the eyes.