Question

Why is assembly language considered more user friendly than machine language?  

How does a low-level programming language differ from a high-level programming language?  

Discuss five protocols that people use when communicating with each other over the internet.  

What steps would you take to safeguard your computer against computer viruses?

Answer 1

Question 1:

A machine language is a language which the computer can understand. Therefore a program written in machine language consists of the sequence of 0's and 1's which are understandable by computer. But it is very much difficult to write the code, debugging as the only content of the program is sequence of 0's and 1's. To overcome such problem Assembly language is introduced where each instruction is an understandable mnemonics with specified address. Therefore writing and debugging the code becomes easier through assembly language as it provides understandable mnemonics.

during the executiuon of the assembly language program, the assembler converts the instruction from assembly language to machine language so that the instructions are clear to computer.

Therefore Assembly language is considered to be more user friendly than Machine language.

Question 2:

Low- level programming language differs from high level programming language in that high level programming language is very much similar to human language.It is written in simple english laguage which is very much understandable by programmar. Therefore writting and debugging the code become easier(though it takes more time to execute than low level programming language).

On the other hand low level programming language is far from human language. Therefore it is a bit difficult to write and debug complex programs in low level programming language(though it takes less time to execute than high level programming language.

Question 3:

The five protocols are:

Application layer:

FTP(File Transfer Protocol) to transfer file to and from remote machine.

SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) to transfer and use mail service from one application to another.

Transport layer:

TCP(Transmission Control Protocol) for connection oriented and communication(Uses port number to detect application to which the message is needed to be sent).

UDP(User Datagram Protocol) for connection less unreliable communication.It is used for short request-response communication between client and server. It is also used in interactive application which does not tolerate any uneven delay of getting message.

Network layer

IP(Internet protocol) to transfer packet from source to destination(destination and source IP address is provided).

ARP(Address Resolution Protocol) to map from Receiver's IP address to its MAC address.

Question 4:

A computer virus is  nothing but a computer program which executes in your computer without your knowledge and interrupts normal computer operation .

5 steps you should follow to safeguard your computer from viruses are:

Step 1: Install firewall. Firewall protects your compter by providing a barrier between your compuer and internet to prevent any unauthorized access to your system.

Step 2:Install antivirus software and update regularly. Antivirus software prevents viruses from accessing any software or from interrupting normal execution of the program.

Step 3: Install anti spyware software which protects your system from Spyware attack. Spyware is a program which collects your personal information.

Step 4:Use proxy. Proxy server hides your IP address while accessing internet. This prevents any unauthorized user to know your IP address. Without knowing IP address it is not possible to send or retrieve file to or from your system.

Step 5: Avoid to download mail or any file from internet which makes suspicious to you.