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1) Summarize the conditions of Laser operation and explain shortly the essentials of He-Ne laser operation....

1) Summarize the conditions of Laser operation and explain shortly the essentials of He-Ne laser
operation.
2) A laser diode has dielectric constant of ε = 4εo and has a cavity length 1-mm long
with one perfect mirror and one mirror with a power reflection coefficient of 0.99. It
operates at wavelength of 1-micron with linewidth of 0.1 percent associated with the
width of the energy levels involved. (a) What is the frequency spacing (Hz) between
resonances for this laser cavity? (b) Approximately how many different frequency
lines are emitted by this laser within its overall natural bandwidth?

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