Med Surge Ch50

1. Explain the pathophysiology signs and symptoms complications diagnostic tests and treatment of diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia

2. Explain the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

3. Describe the role of insulin in the body

med surge CH 8

1. Define Pain

2. Explain the physiologic basis for pain.

med surge Ch8

3. Explain the relationships between past pain experiences anticipation culture anxiety and a patients response to pain.

4. Identify differences in the duration of pain and patient responses to acute and chronic pain.

Stages of pathogenesis including virulence factors involved in pathogenesis for Legionnaires Disease

1. Describe how the pathogen is exposed to the host, this should at least include:
   a. the portal of entry
   b. the median infectious dose and lethal infectious dose. If this cannot be found, please say so.

2. Describe how the pathogen adheres to the host, this should at least include: a. the adhesin virulence factor(s) of the pathogen
   b. the host molecule(s) to which the adhesin(s) interact

3. Describe how the pathogen invades the host's cells/tissues, this should at least include a. the virulence factor(s) used to enter the cell or tissue
   b. a description of the pathogen invasion

4. Describe how the pathogen infects the host's cells/tissues, this should at least include
   a. the manifestation of the infection (see Week 13, How Pathogens Cause Disease, Outcome 7) b. the virulence factor(s) not yet mentioned that lead to the disease state

i. virulence factor(s) for survival in the host and/or immune evasion would go here

c. a description of the pathogen infection
i. for bacteria, fungi or protozoans this may include how the bacteria survives in the host

ii. for fungi, protozoans, or helminths this may include the life cycle of the organism iii. for viruses this must include the specific viral replication cycle

5. Describe how the pathogen transmits to a new host, this should at least include: a. the portal(s) of exit (if applicable)

Med Surge Ch49

1. Describe the pathophysiology signs and symptoms complications and treatment of hyperthyroidism , hypoparathyroidsim.

2. Assist in the development of nursing care plans for patients with disorders of the thyroid or parathyroid glands.

Med Surge Ch50

1. Explain the pathophysiology signs and symptoms complications diagnostic test and treatment of diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia.
2. Explain the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

A nurse says that her conscience clearly dictates that she should not assist at a particular operation. One of the doctors present says that he went to a Catholic medical school and he would assure her that the operation is not immoral. Should the nurse follow her conscience or the advice of the doctor?

Describe how your diagnostic reasoning process has evolved after experience this course. Find one scholarly article on the subject of diagnostic skills and clinical reasoning of Advanced Practice Registered Nurses and summarize your findings. Use at least one evidence-based scholarly source in support of your discussion

read about “Hungry for Change” ideas about how to improve our food system in the US. The link is at PBS, but there is more information on the Food Inc. website as well. Read through the list of suggested actions. Choose one of these actions and write about why this specific action interested you, if you think it is a good idea, and how it could change our food or health systems.

Explain the pillars in Clinical Governance .

Briefly explain all dimensions of quality of care for vaccination program against Covid-19 in relation to Principles of Health Services .

What is trend analysis in safety of apendectomy in relation to Principles of Health Services?

What dose it mean, This vaccine in more Efficient for Covid -19 death prevention in relation to Principles of Health Services ?

List 3 outcome indicators, 3 structure indicators and 3 process indicators for Covid-19 vaccination in relation to principles of health services.

QUESTION 33

Because MRI uses a large electromagnet, metallic devices are allowed into the MRI machine as long as they are stainless steel.

True

False

QUESTION 34

First intention wound healing is the desired method of healing after an incised aseptic wound is accurately approximated.

True

False

QUESTION 35

______ will contribute to the healing process of the surgical incision.

            A.         Surgical technique

            B.         Chronic disease

            C.         Nutritional status

            D.         All of the above

QUESTION 36

Frozen sections can be placed in formalin until the pathologist can examine the specimen.

True

False

QUESTION 37

____ may contribute to the formation of cancerous tumors.

            a.         Endoscopy

            b.         Holistic medical care

            c.         Excessive protein intake

            d.         Radiation

QUESTION 38

All of the following are hemostatic agents except _______.

            A.         topical thrombin

            B.         gelatin (gelfoam)

            C.         oxidized cellulose

            D.         Dermabond

QUESTION 39

Which layers of skin are cut into during the initial skin incision?

            A.         Glabrous and hairy

            B.         Adipose and fascia

            C.         Epidermis and dermis

            D.         Fascia and epidermis

QUESTION 40

One main cause of wound dehiscence is

            A.         obesity.

            B.         perforated bowel.

            C.         overextended bladder.

            D.         wound infection.

QUESTION 41

What is the most important condition to promote wound healing?

            A.         Oxygenation of tissue

            B.         Nutritional status

            C.         Stop smoking

            D.         Young age

QUESTION 42

All tissues should be handled gently for complete hemostasis during the surgical procedure.

True

False

QUESTION 43

What type of infusion device has a reservoir that is implanted within a subcutaneous pocket?

            a.         Groshong catheter

            b.         Intraperitoneal catheter

            c.         Hickman catheter

            d.         Subcutaneous infusion port

QUESTION 44

Which commonly used contrast medium is given to patients to drink before GI studies.

            a.         Iodine/Betadine

            b.         Barium sulfate

            c.         Magnesium sulfate

            d.         Omnipaque

QUESTION 45

Why would an incidental radiograph be taken during a surgical procedure?

            a.         To check suture lines

            b.         To ensure the bowel anastomosis has a watertight seal

            c.         To confirm whether an instrument is still in the patient

            d.         To look for bleeding

QUESTION 46

What term defines an overgrowth of firm, rounded scar that extends beyond the border of the wound?

            A.         Hematoma

            B.         Keloid

            C.         Seroma

            D.         Hairy skin

QUESTION 47

In what type of wound healing is the wound left open and allowed to heal from the inner toward the outer surface?

            A.         Third intention

            B.         First intention

            C.         Non-intention

            D.         Second intention

QUESTION 48

What type of tumor grows slowly and resembles the parent tissue of origin?

            a.         Percutaneous

            b.         Malignant

            c.         Benign

            d.         Prophylactic

QUESTION 49

What type of hormonal therapy is an option in the treatment of cancer?

            a.         Antiestrogens

            b.         Endocrine manipulation

            c.         Antibiotics

            d.         Hormonal receptors

QUESTION 50

What type of wound healing is present when the wound is cleaned and debrided, antibiotic therapy is initiated, and a deeper and wider scar results?

            A.         First intention

            B.         Non-intention

            C.         Second intention

            D.         Third intention

51 --------------is characterized by swelling between fascial layers in plane of the body

1. Necrotizing
2. Keloid
3. Incisional Infection
4. Compartment syndrome

52- Tissue specimen should not be allowed  to dry out

1. True
2. False