Question

Alterations in Blood Flow What are the clinical consequences of acute and chronic arterial obstructions and how do they develop? What are the causes and clinical consequences of superficial and deep venous obstructions?

Answer 1

When the blood flow through the atreies obstructed or restricted by blot clots or narrowing of the arteries lead to altered blood supply to the cells. There are acute and chronic consequences associated with the arterial obstruction.

Acute complications include numbness, pallor, cynosis, coldness of the part, etc. Due to the altered blood supply the cells lacking oxygen and cell death occur. The body try to improve oxygenation by rapid respiration.

Chronic complication is gangrene. Due to lack of blood supply to cells for long time lead to death of many cells and its called gangrene. The cells become black in color. Loss of sensatuion to the part is also a chronic consequence.

The arterial obstruction develop due to narrowing of blood vessels by accumulation of plaque on cell wall. Due to high cholesterol or fat plaques are sticks on the wall of capillaries and it become narrow which obstruct the flow of blood through capillaries. Blood some times clotted and it restrict the blood flow through arteries.

Blood clots, pregnancy, smoking, obesity etc, are the reason for deep and superficial venous obstruction. This will lead to edema formation because of the impaired blood pooling. The circulatory overload will leads to shifting of fluids from extracellular region to intracellular region. And due to this cswelling of cells occur and edema appears.