Question

- impotence/erectile dysfunction: description, primary vs secondary 

-infectious disorders: description, etiology, and clinical manifestations of urethritis, syphilis, genital herpes, and genital warts 

- cryptorchidism: description, complications - hydrocele vs spermatocele vs varicocele: description 

- testicular torsion: description, clinical manifestations; why is this condition an emergency situation? 

- epididymitis: description, etiology, clinical manifestations 

- Fournier's gangrene: review from week 1! 

- testicular cancer: etiology, types/groups; what is the link between testicular cancer and alpha fetoprotein or human chorionic gonadotropin? 

- benign prostatic hypertrophy/hyperplasia: description, etiology, clinical manifestations 

- prostatitis: etiology, routes of infection, clinical manifestations 

- prostate cancer: etiology, diagnosis, difference between prostate cancer and BPH, complications of prostatectomy

Answer 1

1.Erectile dysfunction :It is referred to as the inability to to get and keep an erection firm for Sexual intercourse.

Primary impotence: It is mainly by organic causes.It is due to defective neurological changes affecting Sexual response.

Secondary impotence occurs later in life .It can be due to

-psychological distress

-relationship affairs

-prostate disorders

3.Cryptorchidism:It is a condition where one or both testes fail to descend from abdomen into scrotum.

Complications:

-Infertility

-stress

-Risk for testicular cancer

-inguinal hernia

4.Hydrocele V/s spermatocele V/s varicocele

Hydrocele:It is a condition of fluid filled sac around testicle .It is noticed as a swelling of scrotum.Most commonly seen in new borns. Inflammation, injury of testis are causes in adults. In adults there will be a feeling of heaviness.Hydrocele can lead to infection , tumor etc.

Analgesics can relieve pain .Surgery needed to drain the Hydrocele.

Spermatocele is an abnormal sac that develops in epididymis. It is non tender and filled with clear or Mike fluid .They do not reduce fertility.

Symptoms arise when a large swelling occurs which causes pain.

Varicocele :It is referred to as the enlargement of veins within scrotum. They causes low sperms production and decreased sperms quality. This can lead to infertility .Varicoceles can testis to shrink.

6.Epididymitis :Inflammation of tube at back of testis which stores and carries sperms.

It is due to bacterial infection including  STD 's like gonnorhoea ,Chlamydia etc.

It arises with mild symptoms .But when untreated it worsen the symptoms. Clinical manifestations include low grade fever, chills, pain during urination, frequent urination, blood in semen, abnormal penile discharge etc.