Question

Identify three stipulations of a controlled substance act of 1970:

Define the following terms-

Adherence-

Averse effect-

Allergic reaction-

Anaphylaxis-

Enteral Route-

Enteric coated-

five rights of administration-

Intradermal (ID)-

Intramuscular (IM)-

Orally disintegrating tablet (ODTs)-

Parenteral route- PRN order-

Side effect- Single order- S

tanding order-

STAT order-

Subcutaneous-

Sublingual- Sustained-release-

Transdermal-

Three checks of drug administration-

The primary role of the nurse in drug administration is to ensure that prescribed medications are developed in a ________ ________. Two potentially fatal drugs reactions are (listed in briefly describe): Discuss why grapefruit juice should be use with caution or avoided with many drugs..

Answer 1

CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE ACT

The Controlled substance act title ll of the comprehensive drug abuse prevention and control act of 1970 is the federal U.S drug policy under which the manufacture , importation, possession, use and distribution of certain narcotics, stimulants,depressants, hallucinogens, anabolic steroids and other chemicals is regulated.

The CSA was signed into law by president richard nixon on october 27 ,1970

Within the CSA there are five controlled substance schedules at the federal level(schedules I-V) that are used to classify drugs based upon their

• Abuse potential
• Accepted medical applications in the U.S
• Safety and potential for addiction

DEFINITIONS

• ADHERENCE

Adherence is defined by the World Health Organization as the degree to which the persons behavior corresponds with the agreed recommendations from a health care provider.

• ADVERSE EFFECT

An unexpected medical problem that happens during treatment with a drug or other therapy.

Adverse effects may be mild, moderate or severe and may be caused by something other than the drug or therapy being given.

• ALLERGIC REACTIONS

Allergic reactions are sensitivities to substance called allergens that come into contact with the skin ,nose, eyes,respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract.

• ANAPHYLAXIS

An acute allergic reaction to an antigen to which the body has become hypersensitive. The reaction can occur within seconds or minutes of exposure to an allergen

• ENTERAL ROUTE

Enteral administration is food or drug administration via the human gastrointestinal tract. and includes gastric or duodenal and rectal administration. Oral route of administration is the most frequently used route of administration because of its simplicity and convenience which improve patient compliance

• ENTERIC COATED

Enteric coating is a polymer barrier applied to oral medication that prevents its dissolution or disintegration in the gastric environment. It permits transit through the stomach to the small intestine before the medication is released.

• FIVE RIGHTS OF ADMINISTRATION

To help reduce the risk of medication errors,five rights of medication administrarion is taught. These principles help to ensure the right drug, right dose, right route and right patient at the right time

• INTRADERMAL

Intradermal injections are administered into the dermis,just below the epidermis. The ID injection route has the longest absorption time of all parenteral routes.

• INTRAMUSCULAR

An intramuscular injection is a technique used to deliver a medication deep into the muscles. This allows the medication to be absorbed into the bloodstream quickly.

• ORALLY DISINTEGRATING TABLET

A solid dosage form containing medicinal substances which disintegrates rapidly usually within a matter of seconds ,when placed upon the tongue

• PARENTRAL ROUTE- PRN ORDER

Parenteral route is defined as injection, infusion, and implantation or by some other route other than the alimentary canal.

• PRN ORDER

PRN medications are given on an as needed basis for specific signs and symptoms

• SIDE EFFECT

Any effect of a drug, chemical or other medicine that is in addition to its intended effect, especially an effect that is harmful or unpleasant

• SINGLE ORDER

Medication administered at once at specified time

• STANDING ORDER

A stansing order is a written instruction issued by a medical practioner, dentist, nurse practioner or optometrist to complete certain clinical tasks without having to first obtain a physician order

• STAT ORDER

Stat medications meaning immediately , are reserved for the highest priority orders and life threatening situations that must be administered within a limited time frame

• SUBCUTANEOUS

Under the skin. It is an injection in which a needle is inserted just under the skin

• SUBLINGUAL

Sublingual administration involves placing a drug under the tongue to dissolve and absorb into the blood through the tissue.

• SUSTAINED RELEASE

Sustained release allows delivery of a specific drug at a programmed rate that leads to drug delivery for a prolonged period of time.

• TRANSDERMAL

A transdermal drug delivery involves drug diffusion through distinct layers of the skin into systemic or blood circulation to provoke therapeutic effect

• THREE CHECKS OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION

Checking the name of the person, strenth and dosage, frequency against the medical order

• The primary role of nurse in drug administration is to ensure that prescribed medications are developed in a safe and effective manner.
• 2 POTENTIALLY FATAL DRUG REACTIONS

1. Simvastatin<> gemfibrozil- rhabdomyolysis
2. Nifedipine<> clarithromycin- hypotension and acute renal failure
3. Warfarin<> acetaminophen- increase the risk of GI bleeding

• Grape fruit is avoided with my drugs because many drugs are broken down with the help of a vital enzyme called CYP3A4 in the small intestine. Grape juice can block the action of CYP3A4, so instead of being metabolized, more of the drug enters the blood and stays in the body longer results in accumulation of drug in the body