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17) What is the difference between basalt and gabbro? 18) What is the difference between basalt...

17) What is the difference between basalt and gabbro?

18) What is the difference between basalt and rhyolite?

19) Metamorphosed limestone is:

20) Identify the following rock type and subspecies within the rock types:

andesite          

rock salt         

granite

sandstone       

gneiss

rhyolite

gabbro

schist

marble

quartzite

limestone

conglomerate

shale

slate   

21) What is the rock cycle? A cycle that describes:

22) What aspects of sedimentary rocks could be used to reconstruct past environments?

23) What are found in sedimentary rocks that record the history of life on Earth?

Solutions

Expert Solution

17. Basalt : It is a mafic igneous rock.

- basalt is a volacanic rock . Basalt is volcanic equivalent of gabbro.

- basalt is more fine grain than gabbro.

- it is rich of pyroxene and plagioclase minerals.

Gabbro : It a mafic igneous Rock.

It is a plutonic rock.

It made up of Fe and Mg rich minerals.

It is coarse grain size than basalt.

18. Basalt and rhyolite.

Rhyolite - it is a acidic igneous volcanic rock.

It is light colour rock.

Rhyolite is volcanic equivalent of granite.

Silica contain is more in rhyolite than basalt.

Basalt - it is basic igneous volcanic rock

It is dark in colour.

It is volcanic equivalent of gabbro.

Silica contain is less in basalt than rhyolite.

19 . Marble.

When metamorphism of limestone happens it convert into marble.

Both are calcium carbonate in composition.

20.

Andesite - it is a igneous rock having intermediate composition.it is volcanic equivalent of diorite.

Rock salt - it is non clastic sedimentary rock.it is formed due to evaporation of water and chemical precipitation of salt in saline lake.

It is a type of evaporite.

Granite. - it is a acidic igneous plutonic rock. It composed of feldspar and quartz. Granite is light color.

Rhyolite - it is a igneous rock. It is volcanic equivalent of granite.

Gabbro - it is basic igneous rock. It is a plutonic rock , it's volcanic rock is basalt. It composed of mainly plagioclase and pyroxene.

SEDIMENTARY ROCK :

Conglomerate - it is a clastic sedimentary rock.

This rocks grains are rounded nature and made up of small to large size of grains.

Limestone - it is a calcarious sedimentary rock. It is formed by chemical preocess. Sometime it contain some fossils.

Shale - it is argillaceous , clay rich and clastic sedimentary rock.

Sandstone - it is a arenaceous sedimentary rock. Quartz is main component of sandstone.

METAMORPHIC ROCK :

Marble - it formed due to metamorphism of limestone. It has granular texture.

Slate - dark colour, fine-grained low grade metamorphic rock. Slate is formed due to metamorphism of shale.

Gneiss - it is a coarse grain , banded of light and dark colour mineral rich metamorphic Rock. Granite metamorphos into gneiss.

Schist - coarse grain well developed foliation metamorphic rock.

Quartzite - it is dense siliceous metamorphic rock. Sandstone convert in to quartzite during metamorphism.

Amanda K answered 3 hours ago
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