Question

A:Standard Precautions Your research should include what types of diseases/diagnoses it is used for, what type of precautions should be used and how to notify working personnel/visitors of set precaution

I found Disease Measles also called Rubeola talk about this disease ?

• 1) Disease: Measles

• 2) Pathophysiology of Disease: (How is it transferred to the patient)

• 3) What type of precautions should we be used for this type of disease: (PPE? equipment)

• 4) What regulatory agency in the United States provides guides or policy in regard to this infectious disease?

5) In non-medical terms how would you teach your patient about their disease and precautions that they will be placed on?

• 6) What piece of information is important for your peers to know about this disease?

• 7) Provide 1 nursing diagnosis for this disease to be used while taking care of the patient?

Answer 1

1) Measles: It is infectious disease which is highly contagious. Infectious agent responsible for this disease is the measles virus. Incubation period for this disease is 10-12 days.and symptoms lasts for a week or 10 days. Its symptoms include high fever, inflamed eyes, and runny nose. It is characterized initially by the Koplik's spots (small white spots) inside the mouth. After 3 to 5 days, flat, red rashes start appearing initially on the mouth and spreads on all over the body. It may also cause middle ear infection, diarrhoea, and pneumonia due to immunosuppression induced by measles.

2) Pathophysiology: The virus enters through the nose and enters into the respiratory tract and starts infecting tracheal epithelial cells. The virus consists of hemagglutinin protein that binds to the host cell that contains CD46 (cluster of differentiation), CD150, or nectin-4. These cells include human nucleated cells, B and T cells, and antigen-presenting cells. After binding to the cells, it gets inside the cell following membrane fusion. As the virus is negative-sense single-stranded RNA (ribonucleic acid), it needs to be transcribed into positive-sense messenger RNA. It is followed by the translation of viral protein that assembles and gets out of the cells. Subsequently, they disseminate from the local tissue and carried to the lungs by alveolar and dendritic cells. From the lungs, they reach lymph nodes and finally gets inside the blood and spread throughout the body.

3) The measles is an airborne viral disease, transmission-based precautions should be taken such as keeping the patient in isolation, appropriate use of personal protection equipment (PPE), limiting the movement and transport of patients from their room, using dedicated and disposable patient care equipment such as blood pressure cuffs, and disinfecting the rooms of patients and maintain cleanliness.

4) CDC or Centres of Disease Control and Prevention is the agency of United States that make policies and give guidelines regarding infectious diseases. Further, it is also involved in recommendation and training.

Note: According to guidelines, only four parts could be solved, please post question indicating the parts to be solved. Thanks.