Can you describe one agonist and one antagonist for each of the neurotransmitters listed here, other...

Can you describe one agonist and one antagonist for each of the neurotransmitters listed here, other than the ones mentioned in the text? How do they affect NT activity?

acetylcholine
endorphins
norepinephrine
serotonin
GABA
glutamate

Expert Solution

For acetylcholine:

The agonists are nicotine and muscarine. The antagonists are tubocurarine and atropin. Nicotine is a parasympathomimetic alkaloid that is naturally produced in the nightshade family of plants. The agonists like nicotine imitates the action of acetylecholine and binds to a perticular type of acetylecholin receptor, known as the nicotinic receptor. This changes the receptor's conformation and it causes its associated ion channel to open for a few milliseconds. Thus the sodium ions enter the neuron, depolarizing the membrane and exciting the cell. Then the channel closes again, and the nicotinic receptor becomes temporarily unresponsive to any NTs.

Tubocurarine is a toxic alkaloid and it is known as arrow poison. It is used in surgery for providing skeletal muscle relaxation and mechanical ventilation. This acts as an antagonist for acetylecholine and binds with nicotinic receptors thereby inhibiting the action of acetylecholine and blocking NT(Neuro transmission)

For endorphins:

The agonist is morphin. The antagonists are nalaxone and naltrexone. the agonists like morphin binds to the opioid receptors and increases NT. The antagonist like nalaxone competes with endorphin to bind to opioid receptors and prevents the NT.

For norepinephrine:

The agonists are clonidine, isoprenaline. The antagonists are trycyclic antidepressants and antipsychotics. The agonists binds to adrenergic receptors and increases the NT and the antagonists binds to the adrenergic receptors and blocks the NT.

For serotonin:

The agonists are Fluoxetine and phenelzine and moclobemide. The antagonists are dolasetron and granisetron. The agonists binds to serotonin receptors and increases the NT. The antagonists binds to the serotonin receptors to block the NT.

For GABA:

The agonists are midazolam and baclofen and muscimol. the antagonists are flumazenil and bicuculline. The agonists binds to the GABA receptors producing typically sedative effects and increaes the NT while the antagonists blocks the NT.

For glutamate:

The agonists are N-Methyle-D-aspartic acid and quisqualic acid. The antagonist is amantadine. The agonists binds to the glutamate receptor and acts as stimulators of GnRH secretion and it can stimulate the onset of puberty. The antagonists inhibits the activity of glutamate receptors in the brain and it can reduce symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

gladiator answered 1 hour ago

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