Pure ethanol is contained at the bottom of a long vertical tube( cross sectional area is 0.9 cm²). Above the liquid is a quaescent layer of air.The liquid at the bottom of the tube is carefully adpuruted so that the distance from the air liquid interface to the open top of the tube is constant at 15 cm . No liquid is withdrawn from the tube. At the open end of the tube is perpendicular to the vertical tube so that the concentration of ethanol at the top of the tube is eventially zero. The enture apparatus is kept at 0 degree celcius and P_int= 0.98 atm. The tube is carefully arranged so that there is no convection iin the tube. Over the course of several days we find that the average evaporation rate is 0.9190*10^-3 cm³/. What is the value of the diffusion coefficient of ethanol in air at 0 degree celcius? (mass density is 789 kg*m³ and its molar massis 46.079 g/mol )

A very large piece of carbon steel (? = 7854 kg/m3 , ? = 60.5 W/m·K, ?? = 434 J/kg·K) is initially at a temperature of 40°C. Suddenly, the flat surface of the steel is pressed into contact with an object at a temperature of 20°C. Which of the following is closest to the temperature of the steel at a location 10 mm from the flat surface after 0.5 s?

Which one of the following statements are TRUE or FALSE:

1.1. The bond strength of both reactants and products affect the reaction rate [ 1]

1.2. In most cases where reactions occur in a solution, the more the concentration of reactants decreases, the more the reaction rate increases. [1 ]

1.3. In general, in irreversible gas phase reactions, the total pressure of the mixture affects the reaction rate more than the partial pressures of the reactants. [1 ]

1.4. If the forward reaction is endothermic, the reverse reaction is exothermic. [1 ]

1.5. The reaction rate of endothermic reaction is faster at high temperatures while the rate of exothermic reactions is slower at high temperatures and vice versa [ 1]

1.6. The larger the activation energy, the more sensitive is the rate of reaction to temperature. [1 ]

1.7. The rate of combustion of bigger particles of coal is faster because they contain more energy than smaller particles of coal. [ 1]

1.8. During a catalytic reaction, the catalyst can react but it is not consumed [1 ]

1.9. The reaction rate constant k is not truly constant but it is independent of the concentration of the reactants. [1 ]

1.10. A catalyst lowers the activation energy of reactants so that the reaction rate is relatively high at lower temperatures than the reaction rates without the catalyst.

[1 ]

You are overseeing a process that has a feed of X, Y, and Z entering a Separator. however, the feed has wt% of 30% X and 20% Y. The overhead of the Separator is Pure Z and has a mass flow rate of 18.5 kg/ hr. The bottoms of the Separator only contains X and Y and enters a Scrubber. The overhead of the Scrubber is Pure X and has a mass flow rate of 11 kg/hr. The bottoms of the Scrubber is Pure Y and has a mass flow rate of 8.4 (kg/hr).

a. Draw and completely label this process.

b. Determine all of the balance locations and box them in on the diagram.

c. Find the Feed Flow rate (kg/hr) entering the Separator.

d. If MW of X = 120, MW of Y = 50, and MW of Z = 90; what are the mol% of all the components in the feed?

e. If the limit of the Separator is 20 kg/hr, do we need to shutdown the process? Explain.

f. Is perfect separation feasible? Explain.

1.You are fixing a piece of equipment on a cruiser that requires a zinc fitting. You rest the zinc fitting on a moist copper pipe. You return the next day and find that the zinc is corroded. This type of corrosion is best described as  

a.atmospheric corrosion.

b.chemical corrosion.

c.galvanic corrosion.

d.stress corrosion.

2. Battery acid spills on the deck of a destroyer. Identify the cathodic half-reaction that is expected to take place as part of a corrosion cell.

a. Fe(s) → Fe2+(aq) + 2 e–

b. Fe2+(aq) + 2 e– → Fe(s)

c. Fe2+(aq) + e– → Fe3+(aq)

d. 2 H+(aq) + 2 e– → H2(g)

e. O2(g) → 2 O(g) + 2 e–  

f. O2(g) + 2 H2O(l) + 4 e– → 4 OH–(aq)

Discuss the role of ceramics in biomedical engineering. What are the main advantages and drawbacks of using ceramics (bulk oxides and coatings) as bio-ceramics? Describe bioactive glasses and discuss their limitations along with differences between ordered and disordered glasses

Question 4 : A simplified process for the production of SO3 to be used in the manufacture of sulfuric acid is illustrated in Figure 1. Sulfur is burned with 120% excess air in the burner, but for the reaction S + O2 —> SO2, only 80% conversion of the S to SO2 is achieved in the burner. In the converter, the conversion of SO2 to SO3 is 90% complete. Calculate the kilograms of air required per 100 kg of sulphur burned, and the concentrations of the components in the exit gas from the burner and from the converter in mole fractions. Note 1: MW information (S: 32 g/mol; O2: 32 g/mol; Air: 29 g/mol)

?3?6 + 1.5?2 → ?3?4?2 + ?2O. Annual production rate of acrylic acid is 8206576 kg/year. Assume your reaction has 90% conversion, 65% yield, and oxygen is supplied by air fed50% in excess. Complete the mass balance for your product. Summarize your results in 2 tables: a mole balance table and a mass balance in a table. Put these tables in the executive summary What is the mass balance?

How to apply process parameter of flow of HAZOP on a dishwasher, washing machine, lawn mower, car, or vacuum cleaner?

Question 1

A calorimeter is a device which can be used to determine the heat of reaction. The process of measuring the heat is known as calorimetry. Based on the above statement and from your further findings, answer the following questions:

a) Analyze the operational principle of a calorimeter in a proper sequence. Organize your answer in the form of a flow diagram :

b) Outline how does the operational principle of the calorimeter is related to the First Law of Thermodynamics.

Question 2

Electroplating is a process of passing through an electrical current through an electrolyte solution, which the intention to change the surface properties of an object; such as corrosion protection, abrasion/wear resistance and aesthetic qualities. Electoplating has been widely used in jewelry making, which can enhanced the aesthetic value and its wearability. Based on the electroplating process in jewelry making, answer the following questions:

a) Identify one (1) type of material which can be used for the jewelry electroplating.

b) Sketch the diagram of the electrolysis cell (based on the material selected in a). The sketch must be hand-drawn, without any copy and paste from any source.

c) Analyze all the reactions involve in the process (half cell reactions and overall cell reaction).

d) Identify the oxidizing agent and reducing agent. Provide the reason(s) for the identification.

e) Analyze the limitation or constraint of this process.

100mL of 3M NaOH is poured into 100mL of 3M HF. The highest temperature reached is 48.71 degrees Celcius.

3M NaOH inital temp= 25 degrees Celcius

3M HF inital temp= 25 degrees Celcius

a. How many moles of Hf reacted? How many moles of NaOH?)

b. Assuming the specific heat of the mixed solution is 4.18 J/(g*C), and that the density of the mixed solution is 1.00 g/mL, use q = CDT to determine the heat added to the solution.

c. Heat evolved by the reaction is the negative of heat added to the solution. Find heat evolved per mol of HF that reacts.

d. Compare the %deviation of the result of c. to the result of Part 1 for this reaction.

Does the highest temperature reached (48.71) show accurate heats of reaction?

A fuel gas containing an equimolar (equal molar amounts) mixture of propane and carbon disulfide is burned completely with 32% excess air.

Assume a 100 mol propane/s basis of calculation. If the fuel enters the process at 187 ^oC and 120 atm calculate the volumetric flow rate (L/s) of the entering gas. Do not assume the gas is ideal.

a) Write the balanced chemical reaction(s) for the fuel.

b) Determine the rate (mol/s) air is fed to the furnace.

c) Calculate the total flowrate (mol/s) of the mixture leaving the reactor.

d) Calculate the mole fraction of oxygen in the product gas.

e) Calculate the mole fraction of carbon dioxide in the product gas.

Give 5 pros of Corrosion

and give 5 cons of Corrosion on how to solve this problem

Three objects, cylindrical rod (radius = 0.1 m), steel ball (radius = 0.1 m) and flat screen (length = 0.1 m) with surface temperature of 65 ℃ are exposed in perpendicular direction to water flow at 30 m/s and 30 ℃. Assume the area of all three objects are the same as 1 m2 , determine the individual values of convective heat transfer coefficient for each object, and their respective heat loss.