Steam saturated at 70 kPa is condensing on a ¾ in. Sch 40 vertical tube 1 ft. long and a surface temperature of 90 deg C. Calculate the average heat-transfer coefficient. Express your answer in AES units. (Note: Use the film-condensation coefficient for vertical surfaces)

100 litres each of gasoline (55°API), kerosene (40°API), gas oil (31°API), and isopentane (96 °API ) are mixed. The density of water at 288.5 K = 0.999 g/mL

. What is the specific gravity of the mixture in °API?

Glucose syrup is heated to 75°C in a cylindrical stirred jacketed vessel. The vessel has an inner diameter of 1.3 m, height of 1.8 m, and is 70 % filled with Glucose syrup. The heating medium in the jacket is at 100°C and the initial temperature of the syrup is 30°C. The overall heat transfer coefficient is 300 W/m2 K. The density and heat capacity of the syrup are 1220 kg/m3 and 3.3 kJ/kg.K respectively.

a) Calculate the time to heat the glucose syrup from 30°C to 75°C.

b) What assumptions do you need to consider for these calculations and why?

Craig is setting up a fluidized bed in which a reaction will take place. The reactants are combined with compressed air to act as the fluid in the bed and the particles inside of the bed are catalysts for the reaction. Craig sets up an experiment to determine which particle size is most effective for his reactor. In experiment 1, Craig utilizes particles that are 1 mm in diameter. In experiment 2, Craig uses particles that are 5 mm in diameter. Craig finds that his reaction reaches completion much faster when the 5 mm diameter particles are used so he decides to go forward with utilizing the larger particles for his reactor. What is one (1) potential drawback of utilizing the larger particles over the smaller ones? (answer must relate to the operation of the fluidized bed)

You can assume that the total mass of the particle bed will be equivalent no matter the size of the particles, the particles have the same density and that the particles are priced the same per gram over all size ranges. The tube in which the fluidization takes place is the same for both particle types. Additionally, the bed must become fluidized to achieve best reaction results.

How does one calibrate a stopped-flow apparatus? How do we know whether or not to trust a measurement from the stopped-flow method?

A tank containing 100 kg of a 60% brine (60% salt) at 33°C is filled with a 10% salt solution (28°C) at the rate of 10 kg/min. The barometric pressure is 101.5 KPa. Solution is removed from the tank at the rate of 15 kg/min. Find the kilograms of salt in the tank after 10 min

1. A rocket turbine is driven by gases having specific heat ratio of 1.3 and specific heat of 1070 J/kg-K. The turbine entry stagnation conditions are 810 K and 2 MPa. If the discharge pressure from the turbine is 0.14 MPa, calculate its specific work. h_ts = 0.70.                  {Ans.: 2.78 (10⁵) J/kg}

Furfural may be obtained by the acid catalyzed dehydration of 5-carbon sugars (pentoses), particularly xylose.

C5H10O5→C5H4O2, +3 H2O

Estimate the theoretical yield (mass basis) of furfural from hemi-cellulose of a biomass, in m3/metric ton. Assume that the biomass contains 32% of hemicellulose, of which 90% is xylose,on mass basis.Please provide adequate details and procedures to explain your reasoning, assumptions. Furfural (C5H4O2,MW= 96.08 g/mol)

A liq mixture of benzene-toluene is to be distilled in a fractionating tower at 101.3 kPa pressure. The feed of 100 kg mol/h is liquid and it contains 45 mole % benzene and 55 mole % toluene and enters at 327.6 K (130 ◦F). A distillate containing 95 mole % benzene and 5 mole % toluene and a bottoms containing 10 mole % benzene and 90 mole % toluene are to be obtained. The average heat capacity of the feed is 159 kJ/ kg mol – K and the average latent heat 32099 kJ/ kg mol.

Calculate the following: (a) Minimum reflux ratio R_m· (b) Minimum number of theoretical plates at total reflux by using the graphical McCabe-Thiele Method. (c) Minimum number of theoretical plates at total reflux by using the Fenske eq.

The equilibrium and the vapor - pressure data are given below for the system benzene-toluene. Make a list of all the important assumptions you are making in your calculations. Note: All plots must be done either by using Excel or on a graph paper.

Part of Dr. Ritchey’s work in her previous job involved boiling and condensing hydrocarbon mixtures. In one of her experiments, she used a binary mixture of n-pentane (density 39.1 lbm/ft^3) and p-xylene (density 53.8 lbm/ft^3). One outlet stream of her condenser was measured to have a flow rate of 56 ft^3/min and a concentration of 30/70 n-pentane/p-xylene by volume. The other outlet stream was measured to have a flow rate of 16 ft^3/min and a concentration of 50/50 n-pentane/p-xylene by volume. If the system operates at steady state and the only inlet to her condenser has a flow rate of 72 ft^3/min, what is the inlet concentration of n-pentane in % by volume?

Note: 30/70 by volume means that 30% of the volume is n-pentane and 70% of the volume is p-xylene.

Please show work with explained steps

Himmelblau: Toluene, C7H8, is burned with 30% excess air. A bad burner cause 15% of the carbon to form soot (pure C) deposited on the walls of the furnace, what is the Orsat analysis of the gases leaving the furnace?

Ans: 9.1% CO2; 8.9% O2; 82% N2

Please include diagrams, calculus, and important notes. Thanks!

Water (H₂O) is split into hydrogen (H₂) and oxygen (O₂) in a reactor. While only water enters the reactor, the conversion is incomplete. So all three components exit the reactor.

(a)

Draw and label a process flow diagram. Clearly number each stream.

(b)

Starting from the general form of the energy balance, list the assumptions that should be used to simplify the energy balance.

(c)

Starting from the general form of the energy balance again, apply the assumptions and simplify the energy balance.

(d)

Finally, write the energy balance in terms of molar flow rates for all components entering and exiting the reactor.