When and where did the Exxon Valdez oil spill occur? How large was the tanker? How much oil did it carry? What is the use of these types of tankers? What were the causes of the spilling? What species have been affected? Describe the water quality now approximately 25 yrs after the spill. What new rules or regulations have been put into place to help prevent such a spill from happening again? What methods were in used at the time of the sill? What methods are used now? Don't forget the references used!!! WIKIPEDIA IS NOT A SCIENTIFIC ENCYCLOPEDIA!!!

In the production of sunflower oil, sunflower solid containing 13.5 wt% oil and 86.5 wt% solids
are ground and fed to the stirred tank, along with the recycled stream of liquid ethanol,
C2H5OH. The ground sunflowers are suspended in liquid for certain time to allow maximum
extraction of sunflower oil into the ethanol. The stirred tank effluent passes to a filter.
The filter cake contains 75.0 wt% sunflower solids and the balance sunflower oil and ethanol,
the latter two in the same ratio in which they emerge from the stirred tank. The filter cake is
discarded and the liquid filtrate is fed to a heated evaporator in which the ethanol is vaporized
and the oil remains as a liquid product. Subsequently, the ethanol vapor is cooled and
condensed, and the liquid ethanol condensate is recycled to the stirred tank.
By taking a feed ratio of 3 kg ethanol/kg sunflower, construct a complete block diagram with
label. Calculate flowrate and compositions at each stream. State clearly your assumptions
and basis of calculation.
An additional unit operation (heat exchanger) might be added to the process. With brief
explanation, suggest the most suitable location to install the unit. Write down your opinion
and conclusions on how the incorporation of this unit might or might not improve the process
economics.

(23marks)

Ice balls of 10 mm diameter at – 30°C are exposed to an air current at 15°C with a convection heat transfer coefficient of 200 W/m2 -K. Determine the time when the surface layer will begin to melt. Also determine the center temperature. Use the following property values: density = 920 kg/m3 , specific heat 2040 J/kg-K, thermal conductivity = 2.00 W/m-K.

1. A feed of 4,535 kg/h of a 2% wt. salt solution at 38 C enters continuously a single-effect evaporator and is being concentrated to 3% wt. The efficiency of the evaporator is at 85%. The evaporator is at atmospheric pressure and the area of the evaporator is A= 69.7 m2. Saturated steam at 110 C is supplied for heating (90% quality). Since the solution is dilute, it can be assumed to have the same boiling point as water. The heat capacity of the feed can be taken as Cp=4.10 Kj/kg C. If the evaporator is operating at atmospheric pressure 101.3 kPa (absolute). Calculate
   1. Amount of steam needed (kg/h) per one kg/h of water removed
   2. Calculate overall heat transfer coefficient, U. if the heat exchanger works in a counter-current flow

Sulfur dioxide is emitted at a rate of 2 kg/s from the top of a chimney that is 120m high. The plume initially rises vertically a further 10m above the chimney exit, before being convected horizontally by a wind speed of 15m/s under conditions of neutral stability. The daytime isolation is moderate. Calculate

a) The concentration on the plume centre-line at a distance of 800m downwind of the chimney

b) The ground level concentration at a distance of 800m downwind of the chimney

c)The concentration at 1542m location

An adiabatic dehumidifier is used to extract excess moisture from the air inside your hostel room with dimension 8 x 6 x 3 m3 . The room was initially at a dry bulb temperature of 30 oC, 70 % relative humidity is to be humidified to 40 % relative humidity. a) Sketch the process in the phsychrometric chart provided b) Estimate the adiabatic saturation temperature of the entrance air and the final temperature (dry bulb) of the air. c) Calculate the amount moisture removed by the humidifier (in kg) d) Briefly explain how could you reduce the humidity further using the humidifier

a. Why does water become less dense as it freezes?
b. Why the ΔG mix , for nonideal solution is not always negative
c. To the thermodynamics of mixing of 2 components, find the mol fraction that has
the largest impact on the thermodynamic quantities of the final solution.
d. Calculate the effect that mixing 2 moles of nitrogen and 3 moles of oxygen has on the
entropy of the final solution at 27 o C.

A system undergoes a change in volume from 100 cm3 /mol to 225 cm3 /mol. The pressure of the model is predicted by, P = aT + B/T^3,

where a = 2.13x10-3 bar/K and

ß = 2.6x10-5 bar^3K^3.

Calculate AS at 350 K (in J/mol-K) b. What is the heat required at 350 K (in J/mol)? c.

Calculate AU for the system described (in J/mol-K)

SHOW ALL WORK.THANKS

An ideal vapor compression refrigeration cycle with R134a as the working fluid operates between the pressure limits of 200 kPa and 1200 kPa. Determine

a) the mass fraction of the refrigerant that is in the liquid phase at the inlet of the evaporator, and

b) the amount of heat transfer (in kJ/kg) to the refrigerant in the evaporator (??).

15 m3 /min of air at 104o F and 60% relative humidity is cooled to 59o F and 100% relative humidity, and then reheated to 68o F. Find the following:

a. The flow rate of dry air (BDA) in kg /min.

b. The amount of water condensed during cooling stage.

c. kW of power needed for cooling the air in the cooling stage.

d. kW of power needed for the heating step.

Calculate the fugacity of liquid water in a binary liquid mixture with 40 mole % water and 60 mole % ethanol at 70°C. The following activity coefficient data, at infinite dilution, are available: yinfinite H2O. = 2.62 and yinfinite ethanol = 7.24

what features would you expect to find at a convergent plate boundary? Be specific and discuss earthquakes, the age of the ocean floor, volcanoes, and topographic features. describe any convergent boundaries present on the west coast of north america.

Please write a full page describing this

If it is a hot day and the swamp cooler isn't working, if one were to open their refrigerator door to cool the house down, would it work? Please give an explanation that pertains to thermodynamics.

In hot and humid areas, swamp coolers don’t work. Those places use heat pumps and dump the heat into pipes that are buried in the ground. Underground, the temperature is considered constant all year, assume 55 °F. What will be the improvement in terms of energy efficiency with this arrangement, as opposed to using a conventional air conditioner? Assume the house is to be maintained at 70 °F and the outside temperature is 95 °F. Calculate the energy required per BTU of heat removed from the house, for these two arrangements, heat pump versus air conditioner.

Please show your work. Thank you so much !

Bismuth and cadmium form a simple eutectic mixture that behaves like that in model 3. Bismuth melts at 271°C and 1 bar, whereas cadmium melts at 321°C and 1 bar. The enthalpy of fusion of bismuth is 11.30 kJ/mol, and that of cadmium is 6.19 kJ/mol. A eutectic point is observed at 55.5 mol% cadmium.

1. Calculate the melting temperature of the eutectic mixture. Assume ideal behavior. 

2. Roughly sketch the phase diagram at 1 bar, labeling the points described above for reference. 

3. Sketch a cooling curve that passes through the eutectic point.