Questions
Air at 10°C and I atm flows over a flat plate (30 cm x100 cm) at...

Air at 10°C and I atm flows over a flat plate (30 cm x100 cm) at 20 m/s. The plate is maintained at 70°C. (a) calculate the boundary layer thikness at distances of 30 cm and 100 cm, (b) calculate the heat transfer from first 30 cm and from whole the plate.

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The following weather reactions are taking place at 0.7L PFR: The reaction temperature is 520oC, the...

The following weather reactions are taking place at 0.7L PFR: The reaction temperature is 520oC, the pressure is 1 atmosphere pressure, and the initial reaction is composed only of acetone. The results of measuring the conversion rate when changing the mass flow rate of acetone are shown in the table below. When the response is secondary, calculate the response rate constant. The molecular weight of acetone is 58.

CH3COCH3 (acetone)  CH3=C=O + CH4

Run No. 1 2 3
Mass Flow Rate (g/hr) 50 21 10.8
XA (%) 13 24 35

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Dry thermometer temperature of 65.6C , air entering a dryer Its dot is 15.6ºC. Using the...

Dry thermometer temperature of 65.6C , air entering a dryer
Its dot is 15.6ºC. Using the humidity chart, the humidity value of the air (kgH2O / kg
k.air) and percent humidity (%). The volume of moist air (ısı) and heat
Find the capacity (????) values. Results must be in the SI unit system.

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In the process of methanol production, a gas stream flowing at a molar flow rate of...

In the process of methanol production, a gas stream flowing at a molar flow rate of 100 mol / min containing 32 mol% CO, 64 mol% Hz. and 4 mol% of N2 is led to the reactor. The product from the reactor is condensed where liquid methanol is separated. Unreacted gases are recycled in a ratio of 5: 1 mol of recycle to moles of fresh feed. Parts of the recycled gases are purged. The reaction equation is CO + 2H2 - CH2OH. A- Calculate purge, recycle, and product flow rates and compositions. B - Check the reactor material balance.

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The service life of a battery used in a cardiac pacemaker is assumed to be normally...

The service life of a battery used in a cardiac pacemaker is assumed to be normally distributed. A sample of twelve batteries is subjected to an accelerated life test by running them continuously at an elevated temperature until failure, and the following lifetimes (in hours) are obtained: 26.7, 26.8, 25.8, 24.7, 24.6, 27.4, 25.5, 27.2, 27.5, 24.9, 26.9, and 25.5. Test the hypothesis that the mean battery life exceeds 25 hours.

A.) State the null and alternative hypothesis.

B.) Compute the test statistics.

C.) Compute the P-value.

D.) State a conclusion

E.) Construct a 95% two-sided confidence interval on mean life in the accelerated test.

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The data given below are for the adsorption of nitrogen on alumina at 77.3 K. Show...

The data given below are for the adsorption of nitrogen on alumina at 77.3 K. Show that they fit in a BET isotherm in the range of adsorption and find Vmono and hence surface area of alumina (m2 g-1). At 77.3 K, saturation pressure, P* = 733.59 torr. The volumes are corrected to STP and refer to 1 g of alumina. The area occupied by a nitrogen molecule at -195 °C estimated to be     16.2

x 10-20 m2.

P/ (torr)

37.67

74.20

114.54

142.0

185.34

V (cm3 g-1: STP)

23.14

28.1

33.1

36.35

41.49

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Steam at 400°C and 40 bar flows steadily through an adiabatic turbine at a volumetric flowrate...

Steam at 400°C and 40 bar flows steadily through an adiabatic turbine at a volumetric
flowrate of 5,000 m3/h. The steam leaving the turbine at 1 bar is then cooled at constant
pressure in a condenser to 25°C. The rate of transfer from the condenser is 50 MW.
Calculate the power output generated by the turbine (MW). Clearly state assumptions (if
any) and reference state.

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The ammonia gas (mw = 17 kg/kgmol) at 40 oC and 3 atm was transported at...

The ammonia gas (mw = 17 kg/kgmol) at 40 oC and 3 atm was transported at flowrate of 5 kg/h by an insulated pipeline having the total thickness of 2.0×10-3 m. The pressure and temperature of the ammonia gas suddenly drop to ambient temperature and pressure of 25 oC and 1 atm. A thorough investigation showed that the ammonia gas leaked to surrounding atmosphere through a pipeline wall cracking hole having an equivalent diameter of 3 mm.

a) State all the assumptions. Determine the mass rate of ammonia gas lost to surrounding atmosphere as well as the mass contamination rate of ammonia gas in the insulated pipeline by air (mw = 28.97 kg/kgmol).

b) Determine the mole fraction air in the pipeline. If repairing the pipeline required 5 hours, how much ammonia gas was lost from the incident.  

Given: Ammonia-air diffusivity, DAB at 298.0 K is 2.8×10-5 m2 /s. The ammonia gas and air at those conditions could be assumed obeyed an ideal gas law. The universal gas constant, R is 8.205×10-2 m3 atm/kmol.K.

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Q3) Briefly write the biomass potential in Malaysia. Describe the efficient thermodynamic cycles that could be...

Q3)

Briefly write the biomass potential in Malaysia. Describe the efficient thermodynamic cycles that could be used to convert biomass energy for industrial applications.

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By using an appropriate example and diagram, explain the steady state diffusion of component A through...

By using an appropriate example and diagram, explain the steady state diffusion of component A through non-diffusing component B for molecular diffusion of gases.

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All normally ductile polymers can also craze even in the absence of solvents, given the right...

All normally ductile polymers can also craze even in the absence of solvents, given the right circumstances. The crazing stress of each polymer is slightly sensitive to temperature but insensitive to strain rate. Ductile to brittle transition temperature (Tb) are often found at low temperatures for such polymers; explain why Tb shifts to higher temperatures at increasing strain rates. (Hint: the easiest way to explain this is to use diagrams. If you do, be sure the label the curves and explain briefly what they mean.)

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2. How to obtain the necessary process data by step response testing?

2. How to obtain the necessary process data by step response testing?

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Explain how electricity is produced using a hydrogen fuel cell.

Explain how electricity is produced using a hydrogen fuel cell.

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Write a brief summary about the article. TITLE: The significance of interspecific interactions in microbial biotechnology...

Write a brief summary about the article.

TITLE: The significance of interspecific interactions in microbial biotechnology

Recently the interest in using microorganisms in various biotechnological applications increased significantly. Various bacteria and fungi have a great potential in applications like biodegradation of organic wastes, biocontrol of agriculturally important phytopathogens, or biofuel production. The prime research interest of our group is the assessment of the interspecific interactions in microbial biotechnology. Mechanisms and bioactive compounds involved in microbial interactions are studied using the following two main research models: fungal based bioreactors for biodegradation of contaminated wastewaters and the interactions of the pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum conglutinans with biocontrol agents.

Bioreactors based on fungal biodegradation power have become a widely studied technology for biodegradation of various recalcitrant organic pollutants. However, laboratory studies using model contaminations and standard media are remote from the conditions of true wastewater treatment processes, and thus, recent investigations into the use of fungal bioreactors in the wastewater treatment process focus on real industrial effluents [1]. The biodegradation performance of fungal bioreactors in wastewater treatment that act under non-sterile conditions may be affected by the interaction with invading microorganisms. However, it is difficult to predict whether the effect will be positive or negative. As documented in many studies the biodegradation efficiency of mixed microbial cultures may exceed the biodegradation by single fungal strains but it may also result in poorer biodegradation efficiency [2]. In this respect, Pleurotus ostreatus was shown to be promising organism in the degradation of synthetic dyes when exposed to wastewater bacteria in fixed-bed bioreactors [3] and thus could be used for the development of bioreactors for wastewater treatment. The future research in this area should focus on metabolites formed during biodegradation under non-sterile conditions. Practically, all the information on this subject that can be found in the literature was obtained with pure microbial strains and may not be true for mixed microbial consortia [4].

In the case of the interactions of F. oxysporum with host plants and biocontrol agents, recent publications demonstrated that OMICs techniques can be applied, separately or in combinations, to deepen our understanding of the virulence and biocontrol of the phytopathogen F. oxysporum. These modern profiling analyses enable us to better identify sets of metabolites, proteins and genes involved in host-microbe interactions and in interactions between antagonists, compared to classic approaches. However, the studies often included various ´formae speciales´ of F. oxysporum and the information obtained is not always easily applicable to Fusarium oxysporum conglutinans studied in our group. For example the use of comparative genomics for analyses of different F. oxysporum forms is complicated by karyotype variations and a high number of genetic transposable elements in F. oxysporum genomes. For this reason further research on Fusarium oxysporum conglutinans is required.

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Derive the Navier Stokes equations to obtain the velocity profile and the flowrate Q for a...

Derive the Navier Stokes equations to obtain the velocity profile and the flowrate Q for a cylindrical tank with a stirrer.


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