Consider a CSTR where a simple first-order reaction takes place. The rate constant depends on the reactor temperature and can be given the Arrhenius equation. The reactor contents are cooled by a coolant that flows through a jacket around the reactor. Derive the dynamic model of the CSTR. i.e. the change of concentration of component A and the temperature of the reactor, assuming the flow rate and the inlet conditions are constant. You can use linearization technique for this coupled system.

Derive the transfer function relating changes in the reactor concentration to changes (C) in the coolant temperature (Tc).

Solve for CA, CB, and CC versus τ for the reactions A→B, r1 =k1 A→C, r2 =k2CA in a PFTR and in a CSTR for k1 =2 moles liter1 min1 and k2 =1 min1.

Find τ and SB at 90% conversion in a PFTR and in a CSTR for CAo =4 in the reactions of the previous problem. Which reactor type is better?

c) Why is the FID so successful and widely used in the oil and petrochemical industries? What precautions must be taken?

2. A 1.00 m3 rigid vessel is filled with steam with a quality of 98.0% at 180◦C. Energy is added to the vessel until the pressure reaches 3,000 kPa. Determine the following:

a) The initial pressure in the vessel

b) The mass of water in the vessel

c) The final temperature in the vessel

d) The change in enthalpy

The carboxylate groups in sugammadex are linked to the carbohydrate rings by a four-atom linker chain. Suggest whether a shorter or longer chain would make any difference, and whether there are any advantages in having the linker chain used.

An incompressible, Newtonian fluid is flowing through a vertical circular conduit (a pipe). The flow is laminar.

What is the velocity at the inner wall of the pipe? How do you know?

The pipe has diameter a. The velocity profile in the pipe is v_z = b ­– c r². Please express c in terms of a and b. (You are applying a boundary condition to solve this problem.)

Where in the pipe is the velocity a maximum?

Please express the maximum velocity in terms of a and b.

What is the average velocity in the pipe in terms of a and b?

Express the volumetric flow rate in terms of a and b.

Methane reacts with chlorine to produce methyl chloride and hydrogen chloride. Once formed, the methyl chloride may undergo further chlorination to form methylene chloride, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride. A methyl chloride production process consists of a reactor, a condenser, a distillation column, and an absorption column. A gas stream containing 80 mole% methane and the balance chlorine is fed to the reactor. In the reactor, a single-pass chlorine conversion of essentially 100% is attained, the mole ratio of methyl chloride to methylene chloride in the product is 5:1, and negligible amounts of chloroform and carbon tetrachloride are formed. The product stream flows to the condenser. Two streams emerge from the condenser: the liquid condensate, which contains essentially all of the methyl chloride and methylene chloride in the reactor effluent, and a gas containing the methane and hydrogen chloride. The condensate goes to the distillation column in which the two component species are separated. The gas leaving the condenser flows to the absorption column where it contacts an aqueous solution. The solution absorbs essentially all of the hydrogen chloride and none of the methane in the feed. The liquid leaving the absorber is pumped elsewhere in the plant for further processing, and the methane is recycled to join the fresh feed to the process (a mixture of methane and chlorine). The combined stream is the feed to the reactor.

Using the information provided do the following

Carefully draw and label the process flow diagram

Using a basis of 100 total moles of methane and chlorine calculate the composition and molar flowrate of all the streams.

Using scaling relations to answer part (c).....what molar flow rates and compositions of the fresh feed and recycle stream are required to achieve a methyl chloride production of 1000kg/h?

A steel pipe (k = 43 W/m K) carries a heat‐transfer fluid and is covered with a 2‐cm layer of calcium silicate insulation (k = 0.029 W/m K) to reduce the heat loss. The inside and outside pipe diameters are 5.25 cm and 6.03cm, respectively. If the inner pipe surface is at 150°C and the exterior surface of the insulation is at 25°C, calculate: (a) The rate of heat loss per unit length of pipe (b) The temperature of the outer piper surfac

1. Which item of volumetric equipment should be use to: a. measure approximately 10mL of solution? b. measure 10.10mL of solution?
2. Why is it necessary to rinse a buret or pipet with the liquid to be measured?
3. Indicate whether the following errors are random or systematic.
a. The graduation mark on a pipet is incorrect by +0.11mL.
b. Three students read a buret and obtain values of 25.10, 25.12, and 25.09ml.
c. The balance is not zeroed and a series of weighings are made with the balance initially at 0.0200 g. 

The chromatographic separation happens in a specific way. Answer the following questions about the procedure:

We fill the column approximately 2/3 of the way. What would be the consequence of only barely filling the column with alumina?

We gradually add petroleum ether to the column, always making sure to have the petroleum ether level adjust to right above the alumina level, before adding more. Why is this necessary?

What would be the specific consequence of eluting the column with diethyl ether first, and then petroleum ether second?

A typical H2–O2 PEMFC might operate at a voltage of 0.75 V and λ = 1.10. At STP, what is the efficiency of such a fuel cell (use HHV and assume pure oxygen at the cathode)?

Write the balanced reaction equation for the complete combustion of butane, C₄H₁₀, in air. Determine the mass and mole fractions of fuel, oxygen and nitrogen in the reactants. Also, determine the mass and mole fraction of carbon dioxide in the products. Determine the mass and mole air-fuel ratios.

Question 1: Consider the following reaction:

SO2Cl2(g)⇌SO2(g)+Cl2(g)
Kc=2.99×10−7 at 227 ∘C

If a reaction mixture initially contains 0.195 MSO2Cl2, what is the equilibrium concentration of Cl2at 227 ∘C??

Question 2:

Consider the reaction

CO(g)+H2O(g)⇌CO2(g)+H2(g)
Kc=102 at 500 K

A reaction mixture initially contains 0.130 MCOand 0.130 MH2O.

What will be the equilibrium concentration of H2O?

Question 3:

The following reaction was performed in a sealed vessel at 768 ∘C :

H2(g)+I2(g)⇌2HI(g)

Initially, only H2 and I2 were present at concentrations of [H2]=3.65M and [I2]=2.70M. The equilibrium concentration of I2 is 0.0800 M . What is the equilibrium constant, Kc, for the reaction at this temperature?

Please explain and answer all! Thank you

Note that 1 calorie (4.2 J) is the energy needed to raise 1 gram of water 1 degree, and recall that a food calorie is actually a kilocalorie
Use whatever approximations you need, but state what they are.  

Show your work.

1) How much ice water must you drink and so heat up to equal the energy in a chocolate glazed donut?

2) Will drinking ice water work as a weight loss strategy?

3) How about standing on a windy mountaintop soaking wet?

4) How far must you job to burn off the calories in that donut?

Suppose you’re building a vacation cottage up in the Rocky Mountains and you are concerned about the depth at which a new water line should be buried to avoid freezing during the cold winter weather. The soil there is dry and homogenous with a thermal diffusivity of 0.02 ft2/hr and a thermal conductivity of0.48 Btu/ ft hr °F . Suppose the initial temperature is 45 °F everywhere. At t=0, a very strong cold front moves in and the ambient temperature drops to –15 °F, and remains there for 48 hrs. How deep should the water line be so that the soil around the pipe does not fall below 30 °F during this period? Also, what is the heat flux at that depth at t=48 hrs?