Question

Describe major concepts that together reflect correct evolutionary process and major landmarks for the biosphere, algae, plants and fungi. You select what you consider important.

Answer 1

Charles Darwin is considered the father of Evolution. His evolutionary theory is based on mainly two facts the diversity of life on Earth is from a common ancestor that has evolved over time and it mainly relies on the process called natural selection.The reproduction pass their traits on to their offsprings.After multiple generations these traits are selected in such a way to increase the chances to survive and reproduce in an environment and population.The natural selection is this process in which the organisms in different environments evolves into different species for adapting to that environment over time.The traits that are beneficial for the adaptation are kept and passed on to next generation.The factors that causes changes the traits of an organism includes the temperature,wind,precipitation, predators,competition,diseases etc.
Another major concept is variation.The variation are the changes in acquired characters in response to changes in environment or functioning of organs.These changes are according to their new needs and are inheritable.These characters accumulate over generations and results in new species.The evolutionary process is also associated with another concept called mutation.Mutations are essential for genetic variations of an organism.The DNA of an organism affect the behavior ,structure and physiology.All mutations may not lead to evolution.Any genetic mutation can pass on to the next generation.Gene flow or exchange of genes from one population to another is also a major force of evolution.When DNA and genes of diffrent species have similarities it is an evidence for a sharing of ancestors.An example is Drosophila melanogaster and humans have similarities in DNA and diseases from genes common to both humans and this type of fruit fly is an evidence.
Evolutionary history of a wide range of algae includes members of chloroplastida,red algae.These algaes has gone through a lot of adaptations to enable them to establish themselves on land.All these are said to be derived from a clade within steptophyta.Oceans occupied most of the ancient and diverse forms of organisms like algae,bacteria,fungi etc.All these organisms evolved to be in a dry land environment.Diffrent stresses in land like drought,cold etc. was overcome by evolution.Symbiotic interactions of land plants with fungi was essential for ancestral land plants.Thus it increased the nutrient uptake for better adaptation.