Question

4. explain Define and demonstrate the different types of body movement. 5. explain Locate and Describe the major muscles of the human body 6. explain State the functions of the major body muscles

Answer 1

Answers:

Different types of body movements:

Body movement is defined as a change in position with respect to the whole body status. Body movement is a general feature of all human beings. The body movements is responsible by the actions of the joints, muscles, bones, nerve functions, etc. The body movements become significantly changed by the growth of the human body. Main body movements in human body includes Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction, Rotation, Supination, Pronation, Circumduction, Retraction, Depression, Elevation, Reversion, Eversion, etc. Flexion and extension are movements that takes place within the sagittal plane and involve the anterior and posterior movements of the body parts. Adduction and abduction occurs within the coronal plane and involve medial and lateral movements of the limbs and fingers. Circumduction is the movement of the body in a circular motion. Rotation is a body movement, which occurs within the vertebral column or in a ball and socket joint. Rotation of the neck, rotation of shoulder or hip joint are some examples. Supination and pronation are the movements of the forearm of the body. Reversion and eversion are the body movements that involve the multiple plain joints among the tarsal bones. Depression and elevation are the downward and upward movements of the scapula or mandible of the body.

Major muscles of the human body:

There are mainly three types of muscles in the human body. They are Striated or skeltal muscles, Smoothe or plain muscles and Cardiac muscle. The striated muscles are also called as volunatary muscles, because thery are responsible for the will power of the body. Almost all the striated muscles lie on the external surface of the body. Examples are the facial, thoracic and abdominal muscles and muscles of the upper and lower limbs. The plain muscles form the internal visecera like stomach, intestine and urinary bladder. The cardiac muscle is confined to heart. When a voluntary muscle contracts, one end remains stationary and the opposite end moves the bone to which it is attached. The stationary end is called the origin and the moving end is called the insertion. The muscle is usually fleshy at the origin and tendinous at the insertion.

Functions of major body muscles:

Muscles of scalp and face are responsibe for the facial expression. All these muscles are very thin and tiny muscles and lies in the superficial fascia. These muscles are inserted into the skin for the function of expression of emotions. The muscles funtioning for mastication are Temporalis, Masseter and lateral pterygoid muscles. These muscles lies on the posterior part of the face. Sterno-cleido-mastoid muscles of the neck functions the stretching process across the side of the neck dividing the neck into anterior and posterior portions. Intercostal muscles of the thoracic wall functions stretching between the adjacent ribs of the thoracic wall. It also functions as a device that strengthens the intercostal space. Muscles of abdominal wall provides strengthining of the intraabdominal wall. The contraction of the abominal muscles increases the intraabdominal pressure and helps in expiration and also in the expulsion of intraabdominal conternt in the action of vomiting and nausea process. Muscles of the upper limb includes pectoralis major and pectoralis minor. The function of pectoralis major is responsible for the whole adductor and medial rotator of arm. Pectoralis minor functions as an accessory muscle of inspiration. Main muscles of upper limb are deltoid muscle, supra and infra spinatus muscles, teres major and minor muscles, biceps muscles, triceps muscles, superficial muscles of forearmf, etc. The muscles of upper limb functions as adduction, abduction, flexion, extension, supination, pronation, rotation, etc.