Question

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1. Describe the pathogenesis of COVID-19?

2. What are the risk factors for COVID-19?

3. What is the median timeframe for progression of COVID 19 for ICU transfer and onset of critical care?

4. What is some of the possible causes of death of COVID-19?

5. When and where was the first confirmed case of COVID-19?

6. What percent of patients experience severe symptoms of COVID-19?

Answer 1

1 PATHOGENESIS OF COVID 19

• Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) represents global public health concern and WHO declares a public health emergency.
• The phylogenetic analysis revealed that COVID-19 is potentially a zoonotic virus.
• Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-COV2
• The severe symptoms of COVID-19 are associated with an increasing number and rate of fatalities especially in the epidemic region of China.
• Patients infected with COVID-19 showed 1.higher leukocyte numbers, 2 abnormal respiratory findings, and 3. increased levels of plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines
• COVID-19 patient have 5 days of fever presented with a cough, coarse breathing sounds of both lungs, and a body temperature of 39.0 °C
• patient sputum show positive PCR reaction.
• neutrophils 2.91 × 10^9 cells/L, C reactive protein above the normal range, high ESR, DIMER, cytokines like IL1-β, IL1RA, IL7, IL8, IL9, IL10, basic FGF2, GCSF, GMCSF, IFNγ, IP10, MCP1, MIP1α, MIP1β, PDGFB, TNFα, and VEGFA observed

2 RISK FACTOR OF COVID - 19

• Recent travel from or residence in an area with ongoing community spread of COVID-19 as determined by CDC or WHO
• Close contact (within 6 feet, or 2 meters) with someone who has COVID-19 for more than 5 minutes or being coughed or sneezed on by an infected person

3 median timeframe for progression of COVID 19 for ICU transfer and onset of critical care.

• The duration from the onset of symptoms to hospitalization was in symptomatic patients. Is 4 days (av 2 to 7 days)
• patient have been discharged in 16days (12 to 20days)
• the patient who was transferred to ICU 9days after the onset of fever

4 Possible cause of death in covid -19

• most people with COVID-19 have mild to moderate symptoms,
• the disease can cause severe medical complications and lead to death
• . Older adults or people with existing chronic medical conditions are at greater risk of becoming seriously ill with COVID-19.

Complications include

• Pneumonia and trouble breathing
• Organ failure in several organs
• Heart problems
• A severe lung condition that causes a low amount of oxygen to go through your bloodstream to your organs (acute respiratory distress syndrome)
• Blood clots
• Acute kidney injury
• additional bacterial and viral infection

5

on 31st December 2019, Wuhan Municipal Health Commission, China, reported a cluster of cases of pneumonia in Wuhan, Hubei Province. A novel coronavirus was eventually identified.

on,13 January 2020 Officials confirm a case of COVID-19 in Thailand, the first recorded case outside of China.

6 About 80% of confirmed cases recover from the disease without any serious complications. However, one out of every six people who get COVID-19 can become seriously ill and develop difficulty in breathing. In more severe cases, infection can cause severe pneumonia and other complications

• Mild (no or mild pneumonia) was reported in 81 percent.
• Severe disease (eg, with dyspnea, hypoxia, or >50 percent lung involvement on imaging within 24 to 48 hours) was reported in 14 percent.
• Critical disease (eg, with respiratory failure, shock, or multiorgan dysfunction) was reported in 5 percent.
• The overall case fatality rate was 2.3 percent; no deaths were reported among noncritical cases.