Question

In: Economics

How do propensities and multipliers, and even expectations affect the outcomes? ATLEAST 300 words

How do propensities and multipliers, and even expectations affect the outcomes? ATLEAST 300 words

Solutions

Expert Solution

The multiplier effect refers to the increase in final income arising from any new of spending.

Every time there is an booster of new demand into the circular flow of income there is likely to be a multiplier effect. This is because an injection of extra income leads to more spending, which creates more income, and so on.

The size of the multiplier depends upon household’s marginal decisions to spend, called the marginal propensity to consume (mpc), or to save, called the marginal propensity to save (mps).

It is important to remember that when income is spent, this spending becomes someone else’s income, and so on. Marginal propensities show the proportion of extra income allocated to particular activities, such as investment spending by firms, saving by households, and spending on imports from abroad.

For example, if 80% of all new income in a given period of time is spent on products, the marginal propensity to consume would be 80/100, which is 0.8.

The following general formula to calculate the multiplier uses marginal propensities, as follows:

11 – mpc

Hence, if consumers spend 0.8 and save 0.2 of every 1 of extra income, the multiplier will be:

11 – 0.8=10.2=5

Hence, the multiplier is 5, which means that every 1 of new income generates 5 of extra income.

The multiplier effect in an open economy

As well as calculating the multiplier in terms of how extra income gets spent, we can also measure the multiplier in terms of how much of the extra income goes in savings, and other withdrawals. A full ‘open’ economy has all sectors, and therefore, three withdrawals – savings, taxation and imports.

This is indicated by the marginal propensity to save (mps) plus the extra income going to the government – the marginal tax rate (mtr) plus the amount going abroad – the marginal propensity to import (mpm).

By adding up all the withdrawals we get the marginal propensity to withdraw (mpw). The multiplier can now be calculated by the following general equation:

11 – mpw


Related Solutions

Atleast 300 words please. How do we share partnership net income if there is no agreement...
Atleast 300 words please. How do we share partnership net income if there is no agreement as to each partner's share. What is liquidation? How does it differ from the dissolving (dissolution) of a partnership?
Explain negative amortization and how such a situation can occur. explain in atleast 300 words.
Explain negative amortization and how such a situation can occur. explain in atleast 300 words.
What is the role of expectations in interest rate determination? How do expectations affect real and...
What is the role of expectations in interest rate determination? How do expectations affect real and nominal interest rates? How and why do lenders make interest rate adjustments? How does this affect borrowers?
How does Covid-19 affect the global economy? (300 words)
How does Covid-19 affect the global economy? (300 words)
How people's expectations affect consumption?
How people's expectations affect consumption?
Please hand written on paper (A4 pages). Atleast 300 words 1- Describe the impact of the...
Please hand written on paper (A4 pages). Atleast 300 words 1- Describe the impact of the coronavirus and government policy responses in terms of the AD/AS model and 'shifters'.
How does the culture of an organization affect its effectiveness to adapt to change??300 words?
How does the culture of an organization affect its effectiveness to adapt to change??300 words?
1.What is Corporate Corruption?How we can prevent Corporate Corruption?Explain it Briefly with examples. (Atleast 300 words...
1.What is Corporate Corruption?How we can prevent Corporate Corruption?Explain it Briefly with examples. (Atleast 300 words and also with Intext citaion).
1.What is Corporate Corruption?How we can prevent Corporate Corruption?Explain it Briefly with examples. (Atleast 300 words).
1.What is Corporate Corruption?How we can prevent Corporate Corruption?Explain it Briefly with examples. (Atleast 300 words).
        Here are two statements about how people’s expectations of future prices affect what they do, and...
        Here are two statements about how people’s expectations of future prices affect what they do, and what happens, in the current period. I If both buyers and sellers expect the price to fall next period, the price would fall in the current period. II If both buyers and sellers expect the price to rise next period, the price would rise in the current period. Choose the correct option from the list below. A Neither statement is true. B Only I...
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT