Question

Q. WHAT IS THEORY X AND THEORY Y?

Q. IF YOU HAD YOUR OWN COMPANY, WOULD YOU CHOOSE THEORY X OR THEORY Y TO MOTIVATE YOUR EMPLOYEES?

Q. WHAT IS ORGANIZATIONAL CONTROL?

Q. WHAT ARE THE 4 STEPS OF THE CONTROL PROCESS?

Q. WHAT IS A PRODUCTION SYSTEM?

Q. WHAT ARE THE 3 SYSTEMS OF CONTROL?

Q. WHAT IS MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVES?

Q. WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF "CONTROL"?

Answer 1

A. Theory X :

This theory assumes workers are inherently unmotivated and hate to work, and this fosters an authoritarian management style. According to this theory, to get things done, management has to interfere strongly. This management style assumes that -

1. Workers are lazy amd dislike jobs.

2.They are not ambitious and dislike accountability so they prefer being led.

3. The individual is self-centered and oblivious to the needs of the organisation.

4. And so workers don't want any changes.

So, according to this theory Managers are expected to track their workers, manage their actions, inspire them and change their behavior to meet the organizational needs. Employees need to be convinced, rewarded, encouraged, disciplined and managed to get the job done.

Theory Y:

This theory explains a participatory management style, that is to say distributive in nature. It concludes that employees are happy to work, are imaginative and self-motivated and enjoy working with greater responsibility. It assumes that -

1. Willingly take responsibility and are motivated to meet the tasks they are set.

2. Assume work as a natural part of life, and imaginatively solve work problems

3. Many peoples can be held accountable because imagination and innovation are widespread among the population.

So according to this theory, there is an ability to match personal goals with corporate goals through the use as the motivator of the employee's own need for fulfilment. B

B. I Would Choose Theory Y to Motivate my employees beacuse in this work tends to be organized around wider areas of competency or expertise. So it will help in the production of quality of products.

C. Organizational control involves the establishment of guidelines, procedures, or other methods for controlling the work of employees and processes as well as monitoring the work.... The aim of organizational control is to ensure that a particular task is carried out in accordance with established standards.

D. 4 steps of control process are-

1. Establishing the performance assessment criteria and methods.

2. Measure the performance.

3. Determining whether the performance is compatible with the norm.

4. Taking corrective action.

E. Production System is the process in which resources, flowing within a given framework, are combined and transformed in a managed manner in order to add value in accordance with the policies communicated by management. This system transforms various inputs into output.

F. Three systems of control are (1) output control, (2) behavioural control (3) clan control

G. Management by objective is a planning and control system in which supervisors and subordinates work together to identify business objectives and to set targets that are to be accomplished by subordinates, as well as to decide each individual's main area of responsibility for the expected results. In addition, these measures are considered to be the yardstick for the activity of the unit and also determine the contribution of each persons.

H. The value of controlling is evident from the following facts:

(1) Achieving the Organizational Objectives:

The management mechanism is put in motion to take care of the plans. With the aid of control, errors are automatically detected and corrective action is taken. The difference between the predicted results and the actual results is thus reduced to a minimum. Management is therefore helpful in achieving the goals of the organization.

(2) Judging the accuracy of the standards:

When conducting the control role, the manager compares the actual performance of the job with the expectations. It seeks to find out whether the standards laid down are not more or less than the general standards. They are redefined in case of need.

(3) Make the most efficient use of resources:

Controlling makes it possible to make efficient use of human and physical resources. Management ensures that no employee deliberately delays his or her work performance. In the same way, the misuse of all physical resources is tested.

(4) Increased Employee Motivation:

The effort is made to inspire workers through the means of regulation. The introduction of controls lets all employees work with full commitment because they know that their job output will be measured and, if the progress report is acceptable, they will have their reputation formed within the company.

(5) Maintain order and discipline :

Command maintains order and discipline. With its introduction, all undesirable behaviors such as fraud, corruption, job delay and non-cooperative actions are reviewed.

(6) Facilitate teamwork in action:

Coordination between all the divisions of the company is necessary in order to achieve the organizational goals successfully. All branches of the company are interdependent. For example, the distribution of orders by the sales department depends on the production of the products by the production department.