Question

Give a briefly explanation of each the five following preventive measures for pollution :

- Avoid unnecessary burning of fossils fuels.

- Lower deforestation.

- Avoid use of non biodegradable materials.

- Avoid uses of crackers.

- Proper disposal of hazardous chemicals.

Answer 1

ANS-5 Preventive measures for pollution.

1. Avoid unnecessary burning of fossil fuels.

• Fossil fuels are the fuels generated through natural resources such as anaerobic(without oxygen) decomposition of dead buried remains of organisms (animals, plants),examples-natural gases, coal, and oil. Avoiding these unnecessary burning of fossil fuels has a major contribution in preventing air pollution because when these fossil fuel burns they release a heavy amount of greenhouses gases such as carbon dioxide(CO2), methane(CH4), nitrous oxide(N2O), and ozone(O3). these gases capture the heat radiated from the sun and result in increasing the overall temperature of the earth(global warming).
• The CO2 amount is increasing day by day now in 21 century the carbon dioxide amount reaches to approximately 405 ppm and it is increasing 3ppm day by day (ppm=parts per million) hence CO2 is having a lot contribution in polluting the air.
• The presence of excess amounts of released pollutants such as sulfur, carbon monoxide, Nitric oxide through fossil fuel combustion causes harmful effects on humans health such as respiratory infections.

2. Lower deforestation.

• Deforestation is referred to as the removal of the forest by cutting down the trees for urban use. Lowering deforestation also leads to a decrease in the level of pollution in the atmosphere because trees play a very important role by eliminating the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere they capture the atmospheric CO2 and with water in presence of sunlight, they converted them into glucose (food) and oxygen as a by-product.

3. Avoid the use of non-biodegradable materials.

• Non- biodegradable materials are those materials that did not get decomposed by microorganisms and they stay on the earth's surface in its original conformation for about many years and results in soil and water pollution.
• Plastic bottle stays in oceans and rivers and results in harmful effect on aquatic animals because they engulf those substances.
• So, it is very necessary to avoid non-biodegradable material and switch to biodegradable material for better humans and environmental health.
• Examples of non-biodegradable materials-Polythene, plastic bottles, electronic devices, etc.

4. Proper disposal of hazardous chemicals

• Hazardous chemicals are those that are not formed on earth through natural process it is either manufacture by humans or created by any accidental processes in factories etc.
• These chemicals have a high level of risk on humans and animals' health as they are responsible for cause cancer, birth defects, and various series of diseases.
• In Recombinant DNA technology, the gel electrophoresis technique requires a cancer-causing chemical known as EtBr dye for the visualization of DNA so it is very necessary to properly use that chemical and dispose of it with proper disposal method for preventing any harm on health.
• Proper disposal methods are very important for handling hazardous chemicals.
• Example--Accumulation on the earth surface is a very major cause of biomagnification(accumulation of toxins in organisms body).example-DDT pesticide is consumed by zooplankton and then zooplankton is consumed by fishers and then fishes consume by humans resulting in the increase of accumulation of toxins in each trophic level of the food chain.

**DDT(pesticides)------>Zooplanktons----->Fishes----->---------->Humans.