Question

Briefly outline the difference(s) in “information transfer” between prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic organisms.

Answer 1

Information transfer is known as the transfer of genetic information from generation to generations.

Information transfer in prokaryotes:

Genetic material is passes between the cells of same generation and not from the parents to the offsprings.The genetic information moves horizontally in the family tree and so called as horizontal gene transfer.

There are 3 types of gene transfer takes place in prokaryotes namely

Transduction

Conjugation and

Transformation

Transduction:

The virus cannot replicate outside the host , and so the viral vector bacteriophage is attaches to the surface of the bacterial cell and incorporates its foreign or viral DNA into the bacterial host ,later the viral DNA takes charge over the host and commands the host bacteria to produce new phage particles ,and kills the bacteria in order to release the phage particles .These phages affects the other bacterial cells and through this the bacterial gene will be destroyed and the viral gene will be transferred from one to another

Conjugation:

In this DNA is transferred from one bacterium to the other directly. In this the plasmid of the donor attach or enters the recipient cell and transfer the copy of the DNA.

Transformation:

In this the genetic information is transfered into the cell from the environment.

Information transfer in Eukaryotes:

Horizontal gene transfer takes place in eukaryotes.

In eukaryotes gene transfer occurs in many ways

Gene can be transferred from

1 )organelle to nuclear genome

2) organelle to organelle

3 ) Plant to plant

4 ) Human to protozoan etc….

The gene transfer mechanism in eukaryotes is more complex than prokaryotes.

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