Question

What is bias in data collection? Provide two examples of study bias (based on two publication citations from topic breast cancer

What is the difference between correlation and causation? Provide one example of either a correlation finding or a causation finding (based on one of your publication citations from topic breast cancer

Answer 1

Bias means to prevent any unprejudiced questions in research while doing data collection. In research bias occurs when systemic error is introduced into sampling or testing by focusing on one outcome or answer over other.

There are studies done on breast cancer continuously eg., cohort study ,case control study.

Causation:

exact causation of breast cancer is unknown , rather it is predicted to be oestrogen related problems, migration, dietary factors like increased fat, environmental factors.

Correlation:

The researchers observed a correlation for ultra processed food intake lead to overall increase in cancer rate.

Example:

Let's see an example with correlation

Food plays a vital role in daily life of every living being universally.Man made advancement of technology as resulted in achieving anything impossible likely to happen.

One such advancement is the production, processing, storage, preservation , transportation.The research or study published 10% increment in the proportion of the ultra-processed food.Even after adjustment of several markers of nutritional quality of the food( lipid, sodium, carbohydrates or western pattern) the correlation persisted the same for breast cancer.